Chapter 4 of the Classic of Mountains and Seas

The Classic of the Eastern Mountains (东山经 Dōngshānjīng) is the fourth book of the Classic of Mountains and Seas. It runs, from north to south, through four ranges of coastal mountains, rich in watercourses, strange fish and omen-beasts foretelling floods, droughts and epidemics. The Chinese text is presented with its pinyin transcription, followed by the English translation and notes.

First Classic of the East — 东山经

《東dōng山shān經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，曰yuē樕sù𧑤zhū之zhī山shān，北běi臨lín乾qián昧mèi。食shí水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng北běi流liú注zhù于yú海hǎi。其qí中zhōng多duō鱅yōng鱅yōng之zhī魚yú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú犂lí牛niú，其qí音yīn如rú彘zhì鳴míng。

The Classic of the Eastern Mountains. The first mountain is called Mount Suzhu (樕𧑤); to the north it borders Ganmei (乾昧). The Shi River (食水) issues from it and flows northeast to empty into the sea. It abounds in yongyong fish (鱅鱅), resembling the li ox (犂牛), whose cry is like the grunting of a pig.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē藟lěi山shān，其qí上shàng有yǒu玉yù，其qí下xià有yǒu金jīn。湖hú水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú食shí水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō活huó師shī。

Three hundred li to the south lies Mount Lei (藟山). Its summit holds jade, its foot gold. The Hu River (湖水) issues from it and flows east to empty into the Shi (食水); it abounds in tadpoles (huoshi 活師).

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē栒xún狀zhuàng之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō金jīn玉yù，其qí下xià多duō青qīng碧bì石shí。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú犬quǎn，六liù足zú，其qí名míng曰yuē從cóng從cóng，其qí鳴míng自zì詨xiào。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鷄jī而ér鼠shǔ毛máo，其qí名míng曰yuē䖪zī鼠shǔ，見jiàn則zé其qí邑yì大dà早zǎo。𣲵zhǐ水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér北běi流liú注zhù于yú湖hú水shuǐ。其qí中zhōng多duō箴zhēn魚yú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鯈tiáo，其qí喙huì如rú箴zhēn，食shí之zhī無wú疫yì疾jí。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Xunzhuang (栒狀). Its summit abounds in gold and jade, its foot in blue-green stone (qingbi 青碧石). There is a beast resembling the dog, with six legs, named congcong (從從); its cry utters its own name. There is a bird resembling the cock but with rat's fur, named zhushu (䖪鼠); when it appears, the region suffers a great drought. The Fu River (𣲵水) issues from it and flows north to empty into the Hu (湖水). It abounds in zhen fish (箴魚), resembling the tiao (鯈), with a needle-shaped snout; whoever eats them is preserved from epidemics.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē勃bó亝qí之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，無wú水shuǐ。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Bojin (勃亝), devoid of grass and trees, and without water.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē番fān條tiáo之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō沙shā。減jiǎn水shuǐ出chū焉yān，北běi流liú注zhù于yú海hǎi，其qí中zhōng多duō鱤gǎn魚yú。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Fantiao (番條), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in sand. The Jian River (減水) issues from it and flows north to empty into the sea; it abounds in gan fish (鱤魚).

又yòu南nán四sì百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē姑gū兒ér之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō漆qī，其qí下xià多duō桑sāng柘zhè。姑gū兒ér之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，北běi流liú注zhù于yú海hǎi，其qí中zhōng多duō鱤gǎn魚yú。

Four hundred li further south lies Mount Guer (姑兒). Its summit abounds in lacquer trees, its foot in mulberries (sang 桑) and dyer's mulberries (zhe 柘). The Guer River (姑兒水) issues from it and flows north to empty into the sea; it abounds in gan fish (鱤魚).

又yòu南nán四sì百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē高gāo氏shì之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō玉yù，其qí下xià多duō箴zhēn石shí。諸zhū繩shéng之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú澤zé，其qí中zhōng多duō金jīn玉yù。

Four hundred li further south lies Mount Gaoshi (高氏). Its summit abounds in jade, its foot in zhen stone (箴石). The Zhusheng River (諸繩水) issues from it and flows east to empty into a marsh; it abounds in gold and jade.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē嶽yuè山shān，其qí上shàng多duō桑sāng，其qí下xià多duō樗chū。濼luò水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú澤zé，其qí中zhōng多duō金jīn玉yù。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Yue (嶽山). Its summit abounds in mulberries, its foot in ailanthus (chu 樗). The Luo River (濼水) issues from it and flows east to empty into a marsh; it abounds in gold and jade.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē豺chái山shān，其qí上shàng無wú草cǎo木mù，其qí下xià多duō水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō堪kān㐨xù之zhī魚yú。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú夸kuā父fù而ér彘zhì毛máo，其qí音yīn如rú呼hū，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià大dà水shuǐ。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Chai (豺山). Its summit is without grass or trees, its foot abounds in waters and in kanni fish (堪㐨). There is a beast resembling Kuafu (夸父) but with pig's fur, whose cry is like a call; when it appears, the empire suffers great floods.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē獨dú山shān，其qí上shàng多duō金jīn玉yù，其qí下xià多duō美měi石shí。末mò塗tú之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng南nán流liú注zhù于yú沔miǎn，其qí中zhōng多duō𧌁tiáo䗤yóng，其qí狀zhuàng如rú黃huáng蛇shé，魚yú翼yì，出chū入rù有yǒu光guāng，見jiàn則zé其qí邑yì大dà旱hàn。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Du (獨山). Its summit abounds in gold and jade, its foot in fine stones. The Motu River (末塗水) issues from it and flows southeast to empty into the Mian (沔); it abounds in gengtia creatures (𧌁䗤), resembling the yellow serpent but with fish's fins, that glow as they enter and leave the water; when they appear, the region suffers a great drought.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē泰tài山shān，其qí上shàng多duō玉yù，其qí下xià多duō金jīn。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú豚tún而ér有yǒu珠zhū，名míng曰yuē狪tóng狪tóng，其qí名míng自zì䚯tǎo。環huán水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú江jiāng，其qí中zhōng多duō水shuǐ玉yù。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Tai (泰山). Its summit abounds in jade, its foot in gold. There is a beast resembling the pig but bearing pearls, named tongtong (狪狪); its cry utters its own name. The Huan River (環水) issues from it and flows east to empty into the Blue River (Jiang 江); it abounds in rock crystal.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē竹zhú山shān，錞duì于yú江jiāng，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō瑤yáo碧bì。激jī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng南nán流liú注zhù于yú娶qǔ檀tán之zhī水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō茈zǐ羸léi。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Zhu (竹山), backing onto the Blue River; devoid of grass and trees, it abounds in yao jade (瑤) and jasper. The Ji River (激水) issues from it and flows southeast to empty into the Qutan (娶檀水); it abounds in zi snails (茈羸).

凡fán《東dōng山shān經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，自zì樕sù𧑤zhū之zhī山shān以yǐ至zhì于yú竹zhú山shān，凡fán十shí二èr山shān，三sān千qiān六liù百bǎi里lǐ。其qí神shén狀zhuàng皆jiē人rén身shēn龍lóng首shǒu。祠cí：毛máo用yòng一yī犬quǎn祈qí，䎶èr用yòng魚yú。

In all, from Mount Suzhu to Mount Zhu, the first range of the Classic of the East numbers twelve mountains, over three thousand six hundred li. Their divinities all have a human body and a dragon's head. Worship: one offers a dog in supplication, and fish as an oblation.

Second Classic of the East — 东次二经

《東dōng次cì二èr經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，曰yuē空kōng桑sāng之zhī山shān，北běi臨lín食shí水shuǐ，東dōng望wàng沮jǔ吳wú，南nán望wàng沙shā陵líng，西xī望wàng湣mǐn澤zé。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú牛niú而ér虎hǔ文wén，其qí音yīn如rú欽qīn，其qí名míng曰yuē軨líng軨líng，其qí鳴míng自zì叫jiào，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià大dà水shuǐ。

The first mountain of the Second Classic of the East is called Mount Kongsang (空桑). To the north it borders the Shi (食水), to the east it looks toward Juwu (沮吳), to the south toward Shaling (沙陵), to the west toward the Min marsh (湣澤). There is a beast resembling the ox but with tiger stripes, whose cry is like a sigh, named lingling (軨軨); its cry utters its own name; when it appears, the empire suffers great floods.

又yòu南nán六liù百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē曹cáo夕xī之zhī山shān，其qí下xià多duō穀gǔ而ér無wú水shuǐ，多duō鳥niǎo獸shòu。

Six hundred li to the south lies Mount Caoxi (曹夕). Its foot abounds in paper mulberries (gu 穀) but without water; it abounds in birds and beasts.

又yòu西xī南nán四sì百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē嶧yì皋gāo之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō金jīn玉yù，其qí下xià多duō白bái堊è。嶧yì皋gāo之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú激jī女nǚ之zhī水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō蜃shèn珧yáo。

Four hundred li to the southwest lies Mount Yigao (嶧皋). Its summit abounds in gold and jade, its foot in white chalk (bai'e 白堊). The Yigao River (嶧皋水) issues from it and flows east to empty into the Jinü (激女水); it abounds in mussels and oysters (shenyao 蜃珧).

又yòu南nán水shuǐ行xíng五wǔ百bǎi里lǐ，流liú沙shā三sān百bǎi里lǐ，至zhì于yú葛gé山shān之zhī尾wěi，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō砥dǐ礪lì。

Five hundred li to the south by water, then three hundred li of shifting sands, one reaches the far end of Mount Ge (葛山); devoid of grass and trees, it abounds in whetstone (dili 砥礪).

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē葛gé山shān之zhī首shǒu，無wú草cǎo木mù。澧lǐ水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú余yú澤zé，其qí中zhōng多duō珠zhū蟞biē魚yú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú肺fèi而ér有yǒu目mù，六liù足zú有yǒu珠zhū，其qí味wèi酸suān甘gān，食shí之zhī無wú癘lì。

Three hundred and eighty li further south lies the head of Mount Ge (葛山), devoid of grass and trees. The Li River (澧水) issues from it and flows east to empty into the Yu marsh (余澤); it abounds in zhubie fish (珠蟞魚), resembling a lung but furnished with eyes, with six legs and bearing pearls, of sweet-and-sour flavour; whoever eats them is preserved from leprosy.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē餘yú峨é之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō梓zǐ柟nán，其qí下xià多duō荊jīng芑qǐ。雜zá余yú之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú黃huáng水shuǐ。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú菟tú而ér鳥niǎo喙huì，鴟chī目mù蛇shé尾wěi，見jiàn人rén則zé眠mián，名míng曰yuē犰qiú狳yú，其qí鳴míng自zì䚯tǎo，見jiàn則zé螽zhōng蝗huáng為wèi敗bài。

Three hundred and eighty li further south lies Mount Yu'e (餘峨). Its summit abounds in catalpas (zi 梓) and nanmu (柟), its foot in jing shrubs (荊) and qi (芑). The Zayu River (雜余水) issues from it and flows east to empty into the Huang (黃水). There is a beast resembling the hare but with a bird's beak, owl's eyes and a serpent's tail, which falls asleep at the sight of men, named qiuyu (犰狳); its cry utters its own name; when it appears, locusts and grasshoppers ravage the crops.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē杜dù父fù之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō水shuǐ。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Dufu (杜父), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in waters.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē耿gěng山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō水shuǐ碧bì，多duō大dà蛇shé。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú狐hú而ér魚yú翼yì，其qí名míng曰yuē朱zhū獳nòu，其qí鳴míng自zì叫jiào，見jiàn則zé其qí國guó有yǒu恐kǒng。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Geng (耿山), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in aquatic jasper (shuibi 水碧) and in great serpents. There is a beast resembling the fox but with fish's fins, named zhuru (朱獳); its cry utters its own name; when it appears, the country knows terror.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē盧lú其qí之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō沙shā石shí。沙shā水shuǐ出chū焉yān，南nán流liú注zhù于yú涔cén水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō𪁐lí鶘hú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鴛yuān鴦yāng而ér人rén足zú，其qí鳴míng自zì䚯tǎo，見jiàn則zé其qí國guó多duō土tǔ功gōng。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Luqi (盧其), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in sand and stones. The Sha River (沙水) issues from it and flows south to empty into the Cen (涔水); it abounds in huanhu pelicans (𪁐鶘), resembling the mandarin duck but with human legs; their cry utters their own name; when they appear, the country undergoes great earthworks.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē姑gū射shè之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō水shuǐ。

Three hundred and eighty li further south lies Mount Guye (姑射), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in waters.

又yòu南nán水shuǐ行xíng三sān百bǎi里lǐ，流liú沙shā百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē北běi姑gū射shè之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō石shí。

Three hundred li to the south by water, then one hundred li of shifting sands, lies Mount Beiguye (北姑射), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in stones.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē南nán姑gū射shè之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō水shuǐ。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Nanguye (南姑射), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in waters.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē碧bì山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō大dà蛇shé，多duō碧bì水shuǐ玉yù。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Bi (碧山), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in great serpents and in jasper-crystal (bishuiyu 碧水玉).

又yòu南nán五wǔ百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē維wéi氏shì之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō金jīn玉yù。原yuán水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú沙shā澤zé。

Five hundred li further south lies Mount Weishi (維氏), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in gold and jade. The Yuan River (原水) issues from it and flows east to empty into the Sha marsh (沙澤).

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē姑gū逢féng之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō金jīn玉yù。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú狐hú而ér有yǒu翼yì，其qí音yīn如rú鴻hóng鴈yàn，其qí名míng曰yuē獙bì獙bì，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià大dà旱hàn。

Three hundred li further south lies Mount Gufeng (姑逢), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in gold and jade. There is a beast resembling the fox but winged, whose cry is like that of wild geese, named biebie (獙獙); when it appears, the empire suffers a great drought.

又yòu南nán五wǔ百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē鳧fú麗lì之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō金jīn玉yù，其qí下xià多duō箴zhēn石shí。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú狐hú，而ér九jiǔ尾wěi、九jiǔ首shǒu、虎hǔ爪zhǎo，名míng曰yuē蠪lóng姪zhí，其qí音yīn如rú嬰yīng兒ér，是shì食shí人rén。

Five hundred li further south lies Mount Fuli (鳧麗). Its summit abounds in gold and jade, its foot in zhen stone (箴石). There is a beast resembling the fox, with nine tails, nine heads and tiger's claws, named longzhi (蠪姪), whose cry is like that of an infant; it devours men.

又yòu南nán五wǔ百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē䃌zhēn山shān，南nán臨lín䃌zhēn水shuǐ，東dōng望wàng湖hú澤zé。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú馬mǎ，而ér羊yáng目mù、四sì角jiǎo、牛niú尾wěi，其qí音yīn如rú獋háo狗gǒu，其qí名míng曰yuē峳yóu峳yóu，見jiàn則zé其qí國guó多duō狡jiǎo客kè。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鳧fú而ér鼠shǔ尾wěi，善shàn登dēng木mù，其qí名míng曰yuē絜jié鉤gōu，見jiàn則zé其qí國guó多duō疫yì。

Five hundred li further south lies Mount Pin (䃌山); to the south it borders the Pin River (䃌水), to the east it looks toward the Hu marsh (湖澤). There is a beast resembling the horse, with sheep's eyes, four horns and an ox's tail, whose cry is like the howling of a dog, named youyou (峳峳); when it appears, the country abounds in treacherous guests. There is a bird resembling the wild duck but with a rat's tail, skilled at climbing trees, named jiegou (絜鉤); when it appears, the country suffers numerous epidemics.

凡fán《東dōng次cì二èr經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，自zì空kōng桑sāng之zhī山shān至zhì于yú䃌zhēn山shān，凡fán十shí七qī山shān，六liù千qiān六liù百bǎi四sì十shí里lǐ。其qí神shén狀zhuàng皆jiē獸shòu身shēn人rén面miàn載zài觡gé。其qí祠cí：毛máo用yòng一yī鷄jī祈qí，嬰yīng用yòng一yī璧bì瘞yì。

In all, from Mount Kongsang to Mount Pin, the Second Classic of the East numbers seventeen mountains, over six thousand six hundred and forty li. Their divinities all have a beast's body, a human face and bear antlers (ge 觡). For their worship: one offers a cock in supplication and buries a jade disc (bi 璧) as an oblation.

Third Classic of the East — 东次三经

又yòu《東dōng次cì三sān經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，曰yuē尸shī胡hú之zhī山shān，北běi望wàng𦍲xiáng山shān，其qí上shàng多duō金jīn玉yù，其qí下xià多duō棘jí。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú麋mí而ér魚yú目mù，名míng曰yuē妴yuàn胡hú，其qí鳴míng自zì䚯tǎo。

The first mountain of the Third Classic of the East is called Mount Shihu (尸胡). To the north it looks toward Mount Lü (𦍲山); its summit abounds in gold and jade, its foot in brambles (ji 棘). There is a beast resembling the milu deer but with fish's eyes, named yuanhu (妴胡); its cry utters its own name.

又yòu南nán水shuǐ行xíng八bā百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē岐qí山shān，其qí木mù多duō桃táo李lǐ，其qí獸shòu多duō虎hǔ。

Eight hundred li to the south by water lies Mount Qi (岐山). Its trees are mostly peach and plum, its beasts mostly tigers.

又yòu南nán水shuǐ行xíng五wǔ百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē諸zhū鉤gōu之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō沙shā石shí。是shì山shān也yě，廣guǎng員yuán百bǎi里lǐ，多duō寐mèi魚yú。

Five hundred li to the south by water lies Mount Zhugou (諸鉤), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in sand and stones. This mountain is a hundred li around and abounds in mei fish (寐魚).

又yòu南nán水shuǐ行xíng七qī百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē中zhōng父fù之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō沙shā。

Seven hundred li to the south by water lies Mount Zhongfu (中父), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in sand.

又yòu東dōng水shuǐ行xíng千qiān里lǐ，曰yuē胡hú射shè之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō沙shā石shí。

A thousand li to the east by water lies Mount Hushe (胡射), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in sand and stones.

又yòu南nán水shuǐ行xíng七qī百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē孟mèng子zi之zhī山shān，其qí木mù多duō梓zǐ桐tóng，多duō桃táo李lǐ，其qí草cǎo多duō菌jūn蒲pú，其qí獸shòu多duō麋mí鹿lù。是shì山shān也yě，廣guǎng員yuán百bǎi里lǐ。其qí上shàng有yǒu水shuǐ出chū焉yān，名míng曰yuē碧bì陽yáng，其qí中zhōng多duō鱣zhān鮪wěi。

Seven hundred li to the south by water lies Mount Mengzi (孟子). Its trees are mostly catalpas (zi 梓) and paulownias (tong 桐), with many peach and plum; its herbs mostly mushrooms and rushes (junpu 菌蒲), its beasts mostly deer and milu. This mountain is a hundred li around. At its summit rises a water named Biyang (碧陽); it abounds in zhan fish (鱣) and wei fish (鮪).

又yòu南nán水shuǐ行xíng五wǔ百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē流liú沙shā，行xíng五wǔ百bǎi里lǐ，有yǒu山shān焉yān，曰yuē跂qí踵zhǒng之zhī山shān，廣guǎng員yuán二èr百bǎi里lǐ，無wú草cǎo木mù，有yǒu大dà蛇shé，其qí上shàng多duō玉yù。有yǒu水shuǐ焉yān，廣guǎng員yuán四sì十shí里lǐ皆jiē涌yǒng，其qí名míng曰yuē深shēn澤zé，其qí中zhōng多duō蠵xī龜guī。有yǒu魚yú焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鯉lǐ，而ér六liù足zú鳥niǎo尾wěi，名míng曰yuē鮯gé鮯gé之zhī魚yú，其qí鳴míng自zì叫jiào。

Five hundred li to the south by water, then five hundred li of shifting sands, rises a mountain named Mount Qizhong (跂踵), two hundred li around, devoid of grass and trees, peopled with great serpents; its summit abounds in jade. There lies a water forty li around, wholly seething, named the Deep marsh (Shenze 深澤); it abounds in xie turtles (蠵龜). There is a fish resembling the carp but with six legs and a bird's tail, named gege (鮯鮯); its cry utters its own name.

又yòu南nán水shuǐ行xíng九jiǔ百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē踇mǔ隅yú之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng有yǒu草cǎo木mù，多duō金jīn玉yù，多duō赭zhě。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú牛niú而ér馬mǎ尾wěi，名míng曰yuē精jīng精jīng，其qí鳴míng自zì叫jiào。

Nine hundred li to the south by water lies Mount Mouyu (踇隅). Its summit bears grass and trees, abounding in gold, jade and ochre. There is a beast resembling the ox but with a horse's tail, named jingjing (精精); its cry utters its own name.

又yòu南nán水shuǐ行xíng五wǔ百bǎi里lǐ，流liú沙shā三sān百bǎi里lǐ，至zhì于yú無wú皋gāo之zhī山shān，南nán望wàng幼yòu海hǎi，東dōng望wàng榑fú木mù，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō風fēng。是shì山shān也yě，廣guǎng員yuán百bǎi里lǐ。

Five hundred li to the south by water, then three hundred li of shifting sands, one reaches Mount Wugao (無皋). To the south it looks toward the Young Sea (Youhai 幼海), to the east toward the Fu tree (榑木); devoid of grass and trees, it knows much wind. This mountain is a hundred li around.

凡fán《東dōng次cì三sān經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，自zì尸shī胡hú之zhī山shān至zhì于yú無wú睪yì之zhī山shān，凡fán九jiǔ山shān，六liù千qiān九jiǔ百bǎi里lǐ。其qí神shén狀zhuàng皆jiē人rén身shēn而ér羊yáng角jiǎo。其qí祠cí：用yòng一yī牡mǔ羊yáng，米mǐ用yòng黍shǔ。是shì神shén也yě，見jiàn則zé風fēng雨yǔ水shuǐ為wèi敗bài。

In all, from Mount Shihu to Mount Wugao, the Third Classic of the East numbers nine mountains, over six thousand nine hundred li. Their divinities all have a human body and sheep's horns. For their worship: one offers a ram, and millet (shu 黍) as grain. When these divinities appear, winds, rains and waters wreak havoc.

Fourth Classic of the East — 东次四经

又yòu《東dōng次cì四sì經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，曰yuē北běi號hào之zhī山shān，臨lín于yú北běi海hǎi。有yǒu木mù焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú楊yáng，赤chì華huá，其qí實shí如rú棗zǎo而ér無wú核hé，其qí味wèi酸suān甘gān，食shí之zhī不bù瘧nüè。食shí水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng北běi流liú注zhù于yú海hǎi。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú狼láng，赤chì首shǒu鼠shǔ目mù，其qí音yīn如rú豚tún，名míng曰yuē猲xiē狙jū，是shì食shí人rén。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鷄jī而ér白bái首shǒu，鼠shǔ足zú而ér虎hǔ爪zhǎo，其qí名míng曰yuē鬿qí雀què，亦yì食shí人rén。

The first mountain of the Fourth Classic of the East is called Mount Beihao (北號), on the shore of the northern sea. There is a tree resembling the poplar, with red flowers, whose fruit resembles the jujube but without a stone, of sweet-and-sour flavour; whoever eats it does not contract malaria. The Shi River (食水) issues from it and flows northeast to empty into the sea. There is a beast resembling the wolf, with a red head and rat's eyes, whose cry is like that of a pig, named jeju (猲狙); it devours men. There is a bird resembling the cock but with a white head, rat's feet and tiger's claws, named qique (鬿雀); it too devours men.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē旄máo山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù。蒼cāng體tǐ之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér西xī流liú注zhù于yú展zhǎn水shuǐ。其qí中zhōng多duō鱃xiū魚yú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鯉lǐ而ér大dà首shǒu，食shí者zhě不bù疣yóu。

Three hundred li to the south lies Mount Mao (旄山), devoid of grass and trees. The Cangti River (蒼體水) issues from it and flows west to empty into the Zhan (展水); it abounds in xiu fish (鱃魚), resembling the carp but with a large head; whoever eats them has no warts.

又yòu南nán三sān百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē東dōng始shǐ之zhī山shān，上shàng多duō蒼cāng玉yù。有yǒu木mù焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú楊yáng而ér赤chì理lǐ，其qí汁zhī如rú血xuè，不bù實shí，其qí名míng曰yuē芑qǐ，可kě以yǐ服fú馬mǎ。泚cǐ水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng北běi流liú注zhù于yú海hǎi，其qí中zhōng多duō美měi貝bèi，多duō茈zǐ魚yú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鮒fù，一yī首shǒu而ér十shí身shēn，其qí臭chòu如rú蘪méi蕪wú，食shí之zhī不bù屁pì。

Three hundred and twenty li further south lies Mount Dongshi (東始). Its summit abounds in dark green jade (cangyu 蒼玉). There is a tree resembling the poplar but with red veins, whose sap is like blood; it bears no fruit and is named qi (芑); it can be used to tame horses. The Ci River (泚水) issues from it and flows northeast to empty into the sea; it abounds in fine shellfish and in zi fish (茈魚), resembling the bream, with one head and ten bodies, whose smell recalls that of angelica (miwu 蘪蕪); whoever eats them does not break wind.

又yòu東dōng南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē女nǚ烝zhēng之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng無wú草cǎo木mù。石shí膏gāo水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér西xī注zhù于yú鬲gé水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō薄báo魚yú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鱣zhān魚yú而ér一yī目mù，其qí音yīn如rú歐ōu，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià大dà旱hàn。

Three hundred li to the southeast lies Mount Nüzheng (女烝). Its summit is without grass or trees. The Shigao River (石膏水) issues from it and flows west to empty into the Ge (鬲水); it abounds in bo fish (薄魚), resembling the zhan fish (鱣) but with a single eye, whose cry is like retching; when they appear, the empire suffers a great drought.

又yòu東dōng南nán二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē欽qīn山shān，多duō金jīn玉yù而ér無wú石shí。師shī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér北běi流liú注zhù于yú皋gāo澤zé，其qí中zhōng多duō鱃xiū魚yú，多duō文wén貝bèi。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú豚tún而ér有yǒu牙yá，其qí名míng曰yuē當dāng康kāng，其qí鳴míng自zì叫jiào，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià大dà穰ráng。

Two hundred li to the southeast lies Mount Qin (欽山), abounding in gold and jade but without stone. The Shi River (師水) issues from it and flows north to empty into the Gao marsh (皋澤); it abounds in xiu fish (鱃魚) and in speckled shellfish. There is a beast resembling the pig but furnished with tusks, named dangkang (當康); its cry utters its own name; when it appears, the empire enjoys a great harvest.

又yòu東dōng南nán二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē子zi桐tóng之zhī山shān。子zi桐tóng之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér西xī流liú注zhù于yú餘yú如rú之zhī澤zé。其qí中zhōng多duō䱻huá魚yú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú魚yú而ér鳥niǎo翼yì，出chū入rù有yǒu光guāng，其qí音yīn如rú鴛yuān鴦yāng，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià大dà旱hàn。

Two hundred li to the southeast lies Mount Zitong (子桐). The Zitong River (子桐水) issues from it and flows west to empty into the Yuru marsh (餘如澤); it abounds in hua fish (䱻魚), resembling fish but with bird's wings, that glow as they enter and leave the water, whose cry is like that of mandarin ducks; when they appear, the empire suffers a great drought.

又yòu東dōng北běi二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē剡shàn山shān，多duō金jīn玉yù。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú彘zhì而ér人rén面miàn，黃huáng身shēn而ér赤chì尾wěi，其qí名míng曰yuē合hé窳yǔ，其qí音yīn如rú嬰yīng兒ér。是shì獸shòu也yě，食shí人rén，亦yì食shí蟲chóng蛇shé，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià大dà水shuǐ。

Two hundred li to the northeast lies Mount Yan (剡山), abounding in gold and jade. There is a beast resembling the pig but with a human face, a yellow body and a red tail, named heyu (合窳), whose cry is like that of an infant. This beast devours men, as well as insects and serpents; when it appears, the empire suffers great floods.

又yòu東dōng二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē太tài山shān，上shàng多duō金jīn玉yù、楨zhēn木mù。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú牛niú而ér白bái首shǒu，一yī目mù而ér蛇shé尾wěi，其qí名míng曰yuē蜚fēi，行xíng水shuǐ則zé竭jié，行xíng草cǎo則zé死sǐ，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià大dà疫yì。鉤gōu水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér北běi流liú注zhù于yú勞láo水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō鱃xiū魚yú。

Two hundred li to the east lies Mount Tai (太山). Its summit abounds in gold, jade and zhen wood (楨木). There is a beast resembling the ox but with a white head, a single eye and a serpent's tail, named fei (蜚): wherever it passes over water, the water dries up; wherever it passes over grass, the grass dies; when it appears, the empire suffers a great epidemic. The Gou River (鉤水) issues from it and flows north to empty into the Lao (勞水); it abounds in xiu fish (鱃魚).

凡fán《東dōng次cì四sì經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，自zì北běi號hào之zhī山shān至zhì于yú大dà山shān，凡fán八bā山shān，一yī千qiān七qī百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ。

In all, from Mount Beihao to Mount Tai, the Fourth Classic of the East numbers eight mountains, over one thousand seven hundred and twenty li.

General Summary of the Classic of the East

右yòu東dōng經jīng之zhī山shān志zhì，凡fán四sì十shí六liù山shān，萬wàn八bā千qiān八bā百bǎi六liù十shí里lǐ。

Such is the register of the mountains of the Classic of the East: they number in all forty-six mountains, over eighteen thousand eight hundred and sixty li.

Notes

Structure of the chapter. The 东山经 comprises four successive "classics": the first (twelve peaks), the Second (seventeen peaks), the Third (nine peaks) and the Fourth (eight peaks), that is forty-six peaks in all and 18,860 li. Each section closes with a colophon giving the number of peaks, the distance, the aspect of the divinities and the sacrificial rite.

A coastal and aquatic world. Unlike the other ranges, many stages are crossed "by water" (水行) or across "shifting sands" (流沙), and most of the peaks are barren yet rich in rivers and fabulous fish. The creatures there are above all omens of disaster: flood (大水), drought (大旱), epidemic (大疫), locust invasion.

Southern slope / northern slope (其阳 / 其阴). 阳 (yáng) = the sunlit slope (south); 阴 (yīn) = the shaded slope (north).

Recurring formulas. "Whoever eats it…" (食之) introduces the medicinal virtues; "when it appears…" (见则) signals the omen-creatures; "its cry utters its own name" (其鸣自叫 / 自詨 / 自䚯) denotes an animal whose cry imitates its name.

Uncertain identifications. Many names of fish, plants and creatures have no assured equivalent; they are transcribed in pinyin with the characters, the English renderings following the traditional glosses (Guo Pu, Hao Yixing).

Chinese text after the Chinese Text Project (ctext.org). Translation and notes: Chine-culture.com.