Chapter 2 of the Classic of Mountains and Seas

The Classic of the Western Mountains (西山经 Xīshānjīng) is the second book of the Classic of Mountains and Seas. It traverses, from east to west, four mountain ranges — among them that of Mount Hua and the Kunlun, abode of the Queen Mother of the West — rich in minerals, plants and wondrous beasts and birds, and closes each range with the rites due to its deities. The Chinese text is given with its pinyin transcription, followed by the English translation and notes.

First Western Classic — 西山经 (the Hua range)

《西xī山shān經jīng》華huá山shān之zhī首shǒu，曰yuē錢qián來lái之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō松sōng，其qí下xià多duō洗xǐ石shí。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú羊yáng而ér馬mǎ尾wěi，名míng曰yuē羬qián羊yáng，其qí脂zhī可kě以yǐ已yǐ腊là。

Classic of the Western Mountains. The first mountain of the Hua range is called Mount Qianlai (錢來). Its summit abounds in pines, its foot in fat-removing stone (xishi 洗石). There lives a beast resembling a sheep, but with a horse's tail; it is called qianyang (羬羊); its tallow heals chapped skin.

西xī四sì十shí五wǔ里lǐ，曰yuē松sōng果guǒ之zhī山shān，濩huò水shuǐ出chū焉yān，北běi流liú注zhù于yú渭wèi，其qí中zhōng多duō銅tóng。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí名míng曰yuē䳋chì渠qú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú山shān雞jī，黑hēi身shēn赤chì足zú，可kě以yǐ已yǐ𦢊yōng。

Forty-five li to the west lies Mount Songguo (松果). The Huo River (濩水) rises from it and flows north to the Wei (渭); it abounds in copper. There lives a bird called chiqu (䳋渠), resembling a mountain pheasant, with a black body and red feet; it heals boils.

又yòu西xī六liù十shí里lǐ，曰yuē太tài華huá之zhī山shān，削xuē成chéng而ér四sì方fāng，其qí高gāo五wǔ千qiān仞rèn，其qí廣guǎng十shí里lǐ，鳥niǎo獸shòu莫mò居jū。有yǒu蛇shé焉yān，名míng曰yuē肥féi𧔥wèi，六liù足zú四sì翼yì，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià大dà旱hàn。

Sixty li further west lies Mount Taihua (太華), sheer-cut and square in shape; it is five thousand ren high and ten li wide; no bird or beast dwells upon it. There lives a serpent called feiyi (肥𧔥), with six legs and four wings; when it appears, the empire suffers great drought.

又yòu西xī八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē小xiǎo華huá之zhī山shān，其qí木mù多duō荊jīng杞qǐ，其qí獸shòu多duō㸲zuò牛niú，其qí陰yīn多duō磬qìng石shí，其qí陽yáng多duō㻬tū琈fú之zhī玉yù，鳥niǎo多duō赤chì鷩bì，可kě以yǐ禦yù火huǒ，其qí草cǎo有yǒu萆bì荔lì，狀zhuàng如rú烏wū韭jiǔ，而ér生shēng於yú石shí上shàng，亦yì緣yuán木mù而ér生shēng，食shí之zhī已yǐ心xīn痛tòng。

Eighty li further west lies Mount Xiaohua (小華). Its trees are chiefly jing (荊) and gouqi (杞), its beasts chiefly zuoniu (㸲牛, wild oxen). Its northern slope abounds in sonorous stone (qingshi 磬石), its southern slope in tufu jade (㻬琈). Its birds are chiefly the red pheasant (chibie 赤鷩), which guards against fire. Among the plants, bili (萆荔), resembling a black fern (wujiu 烏韭), grows on the rocks and also climbs the trees; whoever eats it is healed of heart pain.

又yòu西xī八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē符fú禺yú之zhī山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō銅tóng，其qí陰yīn多duō鐵tiě。其qí上shàng有yǒu木mù焉yān，名míng曰yuē文wén莖jīng，其qí實shí如rú棗zǎo，可kě以yǐ已yǐ聾lóng。其qí草cǎo多duō條tiáo，其qí狀zhuàng如rú葵kuí，而ér赤chì花huā黃huáng實shí，如rú嬰yīng兒ér舌shé，食shí之zhī使shǐ人rén不bù惑huò。符fú禺yú之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér北běi流liú注zhù于yú渭wèi。其qí獸shòu多duō葱cōng聾lóng，其qí狀zhuàng如rú羊yáng而ér赤chì鬣liè。其qí鳥niǎo多duō鴖mín，其qí狀zhuàng如rú翠cuì而ér赤chì喙huì，可kě以yǐ禦yù火huǒ。

Eighty li further west lies Mount Fuyu (符禺). Its southern slope abounds in copper, its northern slope in iron. On its summit grows a tree called wenjing (文莖), whose fruit resembles the jujube and heals deafness. Among the plants tiao (條) abounds, resembling the marsh mallow, with red flowers and yellow fruits like an infant's tongue; whoever eats it is no longer prone to confusion. The Fuyu River (符禺水) rises from it and flows north to the Wei. Its beasts are chiefly conglong (葱聾), resembling a sheep, but with a red mane. Its bird is chiefly the min (鴖), resembling a kingfisher, but with a red beak, which guards against fire.

又yòu西xī六liù十shí里lǐ，曰yuē石shí脆cuì之zhī山shān，其qí木mù多duō椶zōng柟nán，其qí草cǎo多duō條tiáo，其qí狀zhuàng如rú韭jiǔ，而ér白bái華huá黑hēi實shí，食shí之zhī已yǐ疥jiè。其qí陽yáng多duō㻬tū琈fú之zhī玉yù，其qí陰yīn多duō銅tóng。灌guàn水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér北běi流liú注zhù于yú禺yú水shuǐ。其qí中zhōng有yǒu流liú赭zhě，以yǐ塗tú牛niú馬mǎ無wú病bìng。

Sixty li further west lies Mount Shicui (石脆). Its trees are chiefly palms (zong 椶) and nanmu (柟); among the plants tiao (條) abounds, resembling chives, with white flowers and black fruits; whoever eats it is healed of scabies. Its southern slope abounds in tufu jade, its northern slope in copper. The Guan River (灌水) rises from it and flows north to the Yu (禺水). It contains liquid ochre (liuzhe 流赭): with it oxen and horses are smeared to keep them free of disease.

又yòu西xī七qī十shí里lǐ，曰yuē英yīng山shān，其qí上shàng多duō杻niǔ橿jiāng，其qí陰yīn多duō鐵tiě，其qí陽yáng多duō赤chì金jīn。禺yú水shuǐ出chū焉yān，北běi流liú注zhù于yú招zhāo水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō䰷bàng魚yú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鱉biē，其qí音yīn如rú羊yáng。其qí陽yáng多duō箭jiàn䉋mèi，其qí獸shòu多duō㸲zuò牛niú、羬qián羊yáng。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鶉chún，黃huáng身shēn而ér赤chì喙huì，其qí名míng曰yuē肥féi遺yí，食shí之zhī已yǐ癘lì，可kě以yǐ殺shā蟲chóng。

Seventy li further west lies Mount Ying (英山). Its summit abounds in niu (杻) and jiang (橿) trees, its northern slope in iron, its southern slope in red gold (copper). The Yu River (禺水) rises from it and flows north to the Zhao (招水); it abounds in fang fish (䰷魚), resembling a turtle, which bleat like a sheep. Its southern slope abounds in arrow bamboo (jianmei 箭䉋); the beasts are chiefly zuoniu and qianyang. There is a bird resembling a quail, with a yellow body and red beak, called feiyi (肥遺); whoever eats it is healed of leprosy, and it can kill worms.

又yòu西xī五wǔ十shí二èr里lǐ，曰yuē竹zhú山shān，其qí上shàng多duō喬qiáo木mù，其qí陰yīn多duō鐵tiě。有yǒu草cǎo焉yān，其qí名míng曰yuē黃huáng雚guàn，其qí狀zhuàng如rú樗chū，其qí葉yè如rú麻má，白bái花huā而ér赤chì實shí，其qí狀zhuàng如rú赭zhě，浴yù之zhī已yǐ疥jiè，又yòu可kě以yǐ已yǐ胕fǔ。竹zhú水shuǐ出chū焉yān，北běi流liú注zhù于yú渭wèi，其qí陽yáng多duō竹zhú箭jiàn，多duō蒼cāng玉yù。丹dān水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng南nán流liú注zhù于yú洛luò水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō水shuǐ玉yù，多duō人rén魚yú。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú豚tún而ér白bái毛máo，大dà如rú笄jī而ér黑hēi端duān，名míng曰yuē毫háo彘zhì。

Fifty-two li further west lies Mount Zhu (竹山). Its summit abounds in great trees, its northern slope in iron. There grows a plant called huangguan (黃雚), resembling a buttercup, with hemp leaves, white flowers and red fruits like ochre; bathing with it heals scabies and also combats swellings. The Zhu River (竹水) rises from it and flows north to the Wei; its southern slope abounds in arrow bamboo and dark green jade (cangyu 蒼玉). The Dan River (丹水) rises from it and flows southeast to the Luo (洛水); it abounds in rock crystal and «man-fish» (renyu 人魚, giant salamanders). There lives a beast resembling a boar, but with white bristles, thick as needles and black-tipped; it is called haozhi (毫彘, porcupine).

又yòu西xī百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē浮fú山shān，多duō盼pàn木mù，枳zhǐ葉yè而ér無wú傷shāng，木mù蟲chóng居jū之zhī。有yǒu草cǎo焉yān，名míng曰yuē薰xūn草cǎo，麻má葉yè而ér方fāng莖jīng，赤chì華huá而ér黑hēi實shí，臭chòu如rú蘼mí蕪wú，佩pèi之zhī可kě以yǐ已yǐ癘lì。

One hundred and twenty li further west lies Mount Fu (浮山). It abounds in pan trees (盼木), with leaves like the thorny orange, but without thorns, inhabited by insect larvae. There grows a plant called xuncao (薰草), with hemp leaves and a square stem, red flowers and black fruits, whose smell recalls angelica (miwu 蘼蕪); whoever carries it on his person is healed of leprosy.

又yòu西xī七qī十shí里lǐ，曰yuē羭yú次cì之zhī山shān，漆qī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，北běi流liú注zhù于yú渭wèi。其qí上shàng多duō棫yù橿jiāng，其qí下xià多duō竹zhú箭jiàn，其qí陰yīn多duō赤chì銅tóng，其qí陽yáng多duō嬰yīng垣yuán之zhī玉yù。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú禺yú而ér長cháng臂bì，善shàn投tóu，其qí名míng曰yuē囂xiāo。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú梟xiāo，人rén面miàn而ér一yī足zú，曰yuē橐tuó𩇯huì，冬dōng見jiàn夏xià蟄zhé，服fú之zhī不bù畏wèi雷léi。

Seventy li further west lies Mount Yuci (羭次). The Qi River (漆水) rises from it and flows north to the Wei. Its summit abounds in yu (棫) and jiang (橿) trees, its foot in arrow bamboo; its northern slope in red copper, its southern slope in yingyuan jade (嬰垣). There lives a beast resembling a monkey, but with long arms, skilled at throwing; it is called xiao (囂). There is a bird resembling an owl, with a human face and a single leg, called tuofei (橐𩇯); it appears in winter and hibernates in summer; whoever eats it no longer fears thunder.

又yòu西xī百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē時shí山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù。逐zhú水shuǐ出chū焉yān，北běi流liú注zhù于yú渭wèi，其qí中zhōng多duō水shuǐ玉yù。

One hundred and fifty li further west lies Mount Shi (時山), bare, without grass or trees. The Zhu River (逐水) rises from it and flows north to the Wei; it abounds in rock crystal.

又yòu西xī百bǎi七qī十shí里lǐ，曰yuē南nán山shān，上shàng多duō丹dān粟sù。丹dān水shuǐ出chū焉yān，北běi流liú注zhù于yú渭wèi。獸shòu多duō猛měng豹bào，鳥niǎo多duō尸shī鳩jiū。

One hundred and seventy li further west lies Mount Nan (南山). Its summit abounds in grains of cinnabar. The Dan River (丹水) rises from it and flows north to the Wei. Its beasts are chiefly ferocious leopards, its birds chiefly turtledoves (shijiu 尸鳩).

又yòu西xī百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē大dà時shí之zhī山shān，上shàng多duō穀gǔ柞zuò，下xià多duō杻niǔ橿jiāng，陰yīn多duō銀yín，陽yáng多duō白bái玉yù。涔cén水shuǐ出chū焉yān，北běi流liú注zhù于yú渭wèi，清qīng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，南nán流liú注zhù于yú漢hàn水shuǐ。

One hundred and eighty li further west lies Mount Dashi (大時). Its summit abounds in gu (穀, paper mulberry) and zuo (柞, oak) trees, its foot in niu and jiang; its northern slope in silver, its southern slope in white jade. The Cen River (涔水) rises from it and flows north to the Wei; the Qing River (清水) rises from it and flows south to the Han (漢水).

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē嶓bō冡méng之zhī山shān，漢hàn水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng南nán流liú注zhù于yú沔miǎn；囂xiāo水shuǐ出chū焉yān，北běi流liú注zhù于yú湯tāng水shuǐ。其qí上shàng多duō桃táo枝zhī鉤gōu端duān，獸shòu多duō犀xī兕sì熊xióng羆pí，鳥niǎo多duō白bái翰hàn赤chì鷩bì。有yǒu草cǎo焉yān，其qí葉yè如rú蕙huì，其qí本běn如rú桔jú梗gěng，黑hēi華huá而ér不bù實shí，名míng曰yuē蓇gū蓉róng，食shí之zhī使shǐ人rén無wú子zi。

Three hundred and twenty li further west lies Mount Bozhong (嶓冡). The Han River (漢水) rises from it and flows southeast to the Mian (沔); the Xiao River (囂水) rises from it and flows north to the Tang (湯水). Its summit abounds in taozhi bamboo (桃枝) and gouduan (鉤端); the beasts are chiefly rhinoceroses (xi 犀), wild buffaloes (si 兕) and brown and black bears (xiong 熊, pi 羆); the birds chiefly white (baihan 白翰) and red pheasants (chibie 赤鷩). There is a plant with basil leaves (hui 蕙) and bellflower root (jiegeng 桔梗), with black flowers and no fruit, called gurong (蓇蓉); whoever eats it becomes barren.

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē天tiān帝dì之zhī山shān，上shàng多duō椶zōng柟nán，下xià多duō菅jiān蕙huì。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú狗gǒu，名míng曰yuē谿xī邊biān，席xí其qí皮pí者zhě不bù蠱gǔ。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鶉chún，黑hēi文wén而ér赤chì翁wēng，名míng曰yuē櫟lì，食shí之zhī已yǐ痔zhì。有yǒu草cǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú葵kuí，其qí臭chòu如rú蘼mí蕪wú，名míng曰yuē杜dù衡héng，可kě以yǐ走zǒu馬mǎ，食shí之zhī已yǐ癭yǐng。

Three hundred and fifty li further west lies Mount Tiandi (天帝). Its summit abounds in palms and nanmu, its foot in sedge (jian 菅) and basil (hui 蕙). There lives a beast resembling a dog, called xibian (谿邊); whoever makes a mat of its hide escapes evil influences. There is a bird resembling a quail, with black markings and a red neck, called li (櫟); whoever eats it is healed of hemorrhoids. There is a plant resembling the marsh mallow, with the scent of angelica, called duheng (杜衡); it makes horses run swiftly, and whoever eats it is healed of goiter.

西xī南nán三sān百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē皋gāo塗tú之zhī山shān，薔qiáng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，西xī流liú注zhù于yú諸zhū資zī之zhī水shuǐ，塗tú水shuǐ出chū焉yān，南nán流liú注zhù于yú集jí獲huò之zhī水shuǐ。其qí陽yáng多duō丹dān粟sù，其qí陰yīn多duō銀yín、黃huáng金jīn，其qí上shàng多duō桂guì木mù。有yǒu白bái石shí焉yān，其qí名míng曰yuē礜yù，可kě以yǐ毒dú鼠shǔ。有yǒu草cǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú槀gǎo茇bá，其qí葉yè如rú葵kuí而ér赤chì背bèi，名míng曰yuē無wú條tiáo，可kě以yǐ毒dú鼠shǔ。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鹿lù而ér白bái尾wěi，馬mǎ足zú人rén手shǒu而ér四sì角jiǎo，名míng曰yuē𤣎jiè如rú。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鴟chī而ér人rén足zú，名míng曰yuē數shù斯sī，食shí之zhī已yǐ癭yǐng。

Three hundred and eighty li to the southwest lies Mount Gaotu (皋塗). The Qiang River (薔水) rises from it and flows west to the Zhuzi (諸資水); the Tu River (塗水) rises from it and flows south to the Jihuo (集獲水). Its southern slope abounds in grains of cinnabar, its northern slope in silver and gold, its summit in cinnamon. There is a white stone called yu (礜), with which rats may be poisoned. There is a plant resembling gaoba (槀茇), with marsh mallow leaves red beneath, called wutiao (無條), which also serves to poison rats. There lives a beast resembling a deer, with a white tail, horse's legs, human hands and four horns, called jieru (𤣎如). There is a bird resembling an eagle, but with human legs, called shusi (數斯); whoever eats it is healed of goiter.

又yòu西xī百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē黃huáng山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō竹zhú箭jiàn。盼pàn水shuǐ出chū焉yān，西xī流liú注zhù于yú赤chì水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō玉yù。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú牛niú，而ér蒼cāng黑hēi大dà目mù，其qí名míng曰yuē𤛎mǐn。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鴞xiāo，青qīng羽yǔ赤chì喙huì，人rén舌shé能néng言yán，名míng曰yuē鸚yīng䳇wǔ。

One hundred and eighty li further west lies Mount Huang (黃山), bare, without grass or trees, but rich in arrow bamboo. The Pan River (盼水) rises from it and flows west to the Red River (赤水); it abounds in jade. There lives a beast resembling an ox, blackish-green, with large eyes, called min (𤛎). There is a bird resembling an owl, with green feathers and a red beak, and a human tongue with which it can speak, called yingwu (鸚䳇, parrot).

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē翠cuì山shān，其qí上shàng多duō椶zōng枏nán，其qí下xià多duō竹zhú箭jiàn，其qí陽yáng多duō黃huáng金jīn、玉yù，其qí陰yīn多duō旄máo牛niú，麢líng、麝shè；其qí鳥niǎo多duō鸓lěi，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鵲què，赤chì黑hēi而ér西xī首shǒu四sì足zú，可kě以yǐ禦yù火huǒ。

Two hundred li further west lies Mount Cui (翠山). Its summit abounds in palms and nanmu, its foot in arrow bamboo; its southern slope in gold and jade, its northern slope in yaks (maoniu 旄牛), gorals (ling 麢) and musk deer (she 麝). Its bird is chiefly the lei (鸓), resembling a magpie, red and black, with its head turned westward and four feet, which guards against fire.

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē騩guī山shān，是shì錞duì于yú西xī海hǎi，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō玉yù。淒qī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，西xī流liú注zhù于yú海hǎi，其qí中zhōng多duō采cǎi石shí、黃huáng金jīn，多duō丹dān粟sù。

Two hundred and fifty li further west lies Mount Gui (騩山), leaning against the western sea; bare, without grass or trees, it is rich in jade. The Qi River (淒水) rises from it and flows west to the sea; it abounds in colored stone (caishi 采石), gold and grains of cinnabar.

凡fán《西xī經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，自zì錢qián來lái之zhī山shān至zhì于yú騩guī山shān，凡fán十shí九jiǔ山shān，二èr千qiān九jiǔ百bǎi五wǔ十shí七qī里lǐ。華huá山shān冢zhǒng也yě，其qí祠cí之zhī禮lǐ：太tài牢láo。羭yú山shān神shén也yě，祠cí之zhī用yòng燭zhú，齋zhāi百bǎi日rì以yǐ百bǎi犧xī，瘞yì用yòng百bǎi瑜yú，湯tāng其qí酒jiǔ百bǎi樽zūn，嬰yīng以yǐ百bǎi珪guī百bǎi璧bì。其qí餘yú十shí七qī山shān之zhī屬shǔ，皆jiē毛máo牷quán用yòng一yī羊yáng祠cí之zhī。燭zhú者zhě百bǎi草cǎo之zhī未wèi灰huī，白bái蒂dì采cǎi等děng純chún之zhī。

In all, from Mount Qianlai to Mount Gui, the first range of the Western Classic counts nineteen mountains, over two thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven li. Mount Hua is its sacred hill: the rites of the cult require a great sacrifice (tailao 太牢, an ox, a sheep and a pig). Mount Yu (羭山) is the abode of the supreme god: he is honored with torches, after a hundred days' fast, with a hundred sacrifices; a hundred tablets of yu jade (瑜) are buried, a hundred jars of wine are heated, and he is surrounded with a hundred gui (珪) and a hundred bi (璧). To the seventeen remaining mountains is offered, to each, one unblemished sheep of uniform fleece. The torches are made of a hundred kinds of grass not yet turned to ash, chosen pure, with white stems and fitting color.

Second Western Classic — 西次二经

《西xī次cì二èr經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，曰yuē鈐qián山shān，其qí上shàng多duō銅tóng，其qí下xià多duō玉yù，其qí木mù多duō杻niǔ橿jiāng。

The first mountain of the Second Western Classic is called Mount Qian (鈐山). Its summit abounds in copper, its foot in jade; its trees are chiefly niu and jiang.

西xī二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē泰tài冒mào之zhī山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō金jīn，其qí陰yīn多duō鐵tiě。浴yù水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú河hé，其qí中zhōng多duō藻zǎo玉yù，多duō白bái蛇shé。

Two hundred li to the west lies Mount Taimao (泰冒). Its southern slope abounds in gold, its northern slope in iron. The Yu River (浴水) rises from it and flows east to the River (the Yellow River); it abounds in veined jade (zaoyu 藻玉) and white serpents.

又yòu西xī一yī百bǎi七qī十shí里lǐ，曰yuē數shù歷lì之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō黃huáng金jīn，其qí下xià多duō銀yín，其qí木mù多duō杻niǔ橿jiāng，其qí鳥niǎo多duō鸚yīng䳇wǔ。楚chǔ水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér南nán流liú注zhù于yú渭wèi，其qí中zhōng多duō珠zhū。

One hundred and seventy li further west lies Mount Shuli (數歷). Its summit abounds in gold, its foot in silver; its trees are chiefly niu and jiang, its birds chiefly parrots. The Chu River (楚水) rises from it and flows south to the Wei; it abounds in pearls.

又yòu西xī百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ曰yuē高gāo山shān，其qí上shàng多duō銀yín，其qí下xià多duō青qīng碧bì、雄xióng黃huáng，其qí木mù多duō椶zōng，其qí草cǎo多duō竹zhú。涇jīng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng流liú注zhù于yú渭wèi，其qí中zhōng多duō磬qìng石shí、青qīng碧bì。

One hundred and fifty li further west lies Mount Gao (高山). Its summit abounds in silver, its foot in green jasper (qingbi 青碧) and realgar (xionghuang 雄黃); its trees are chiefly palms, its plants chiefly bamboo. The Jing River (涇水) rises from it and flows east to the Wei; it abounds in sonorous stone and green jasper.

西xī南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē女nǚ床chuáng之zhī山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō赤chì銅tóng，其qí陰yīn多duō石shí涅niè，其qí獸shòu多duō虎hǔ豹bào犀xī兕sì。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú翟dí而ér五wǔ彩cǎi文wén，名míng曰yuē鸞luán鳥niǎo，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià安ān寧níng。

Three hundred li to the southwest lies Mount Nüchuang (女床). Its southern slope abounds in red copper, its northern slope in black alum (shinie 石涅); its beasts are chiefly tigers, leopards, rhinoceroses and wild buffaloes. There is a bird resembling a noble pheasant (di 翟), with a five-colored pattern, called luan (鸞鳥); when it appears, the empire enjoys peace.

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē龍lóng首shǒu之zhī山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō黃huáng金jīn，其qí陰yīn多duō鐵tiě。苕tiáo水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng南nán流liú注zhù于yú涇jīng水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō美měi玉yù。

Two hundred li further west lies Mount Longshou (龍首). Its southern slope abounds in gold, its northern slope in iron. The Tiao River (苕水) rises from it and flows southeast to the Jing (涇水); it abounds in choice jade.

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē鹿lù臺tái之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō白bái玉yù，其qí下xià多duō銀yín，其qí獸shòu多duō㸲zuò牛niú、羬qián羊yáng、白bái豪háo。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú雄xióng雞jī而ér人rén面miàn，名míng曰yuē鳧fú徯xī，其qí名míng自zì叫jiào也yě，見jiàn則zé有yǒu兵bīng。

Two hundred li further west lies Mount Lutai (鹿臺). Its summit abounds in white jade, its foot in silver; its beasts are chiefly zuoniu, qianyang and white porcupines (baihao 白豪). There is a bird resembling a cock, but with a human face, called fuxi (鳧徯); its cry utters its own name; when it appears, war breaks out.

西xī南nán二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē鳥niǎo危wēi之zhī山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō磬qìng石shí，其qí陰yīn多duō檀tán楮chǔ，其qí中zhōng多duō女nǚ床chuáng。鳥niǎo危wēi之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，西xī流liú注zhù于yú赤chì水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō丹dān粟sù。

Two hundred li to the southwest lies Mount Niaowei (鳥危). Its southern slope abounds in sonorous stone, its northern slope in sandalwood and paper mulberry; it abounds in the nüchuang plant (女床). The Niaowei River (鳥危水) rises from it and flows west to the Red River; it abounds in grains of cinnabar.

又yòu西xī四sì百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē小xiǎo次cì之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō白bái玉yù，其qí下xià多duō赤chì銅tóng。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú猿yuán，而ér白bái首shǒu赤chì足zú，名míng曰yuē朱zhū厭yàn，見jiàn則zé大dà兵bīng。

Four hundred li further west lies Mount Xiaoci (小次). Its summit abounds in white jade, its foot in red copper. There lives a beast resembling a monkey, with a white head and red feet, called zhuyan (朱厭); when it appears, great war breaks out.

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē大dà次cì之zhī山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō堊è，其qí陰yīn多duō碧bì，其qí獸shòu多duō㸲zuò牛niú、麢líng羊yáng。

Three hundred li further west lies Mount Daci (大次). Its southern slope abounds in chalk (e 堊), its northern slope in jasper (bi 碧); its beasts are chiefly zuoniu and gorals (lingyang 麢羊).

又yòu西xī四sì百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē薰xūn吳wú之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō金jīn玉yù。

Four hundred li further west lies Mount Xunwu (薰吳), bare, without grass or trees, rich in gold and jade.

又yòu西xī四sì百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē㕄zhǐ陽yáng之zhī山shān，其qí木mù多duō稷jì、柟nán、豫yù章zhāng，其qí獸shòu多duō犀xī、兕sì、虎hǔ、犳zhuó、㸲zuò牛niú。

Four hundred li further west lies Mount Xiyang (㕄陽). Its trees are chiefly ji (稷), nanmu (柟) and the camphor tree (yuzhang 豫章); its beasts chiefly rhinoceroses, wild buffaloes, tigers, spotted leopards (zhuo 犳) and zuoniu.

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē眾zhòng獸shòu之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō㻬tū琈fú之zhī玉yù，其qí下xià多duō檀tán楮chǔ，多duō黃huáng金jīn，其qí獸shòu多duō犀xī、兕sì。

Two hundred and fifty li further west lies Mount Zhongshou (眾獸). Its summit abounds in tufu jade, its foot in sandalwood (tan 檀) and paper mulberry (chu 楮), and in gold; its beasts are chiefly rhinoceroses and wild buffaloes.

又yòu西xī五wǔ百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē皇huáng人rén之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō金jīn玉yù，其qí下xià多duō青qīng雄xióng黃huáng。皇huáng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，西xī流liú注zhù于yú赤chì水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō丹dān粟sù。

Five hundred li further west lies Mount Huangren (皇人). Its summit abounds in gold and jade, its foot in green realgar (qing xionghuang 青雄黃). The Huang River (皇水) rises from it and flows west to the Red River; it abounds in grains of cinnabar.

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē中zhōng皇huáng之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō黃huáng金jīn，其qí下xià多duō蕙huì、棠táng。

Three hundred li further west lies Mount Zhonghuang (中皇). Its summit abounds in gold, its foot in basil (hui 蕙) and wild pear (tang 棠).

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē西xī皇huáng之zhī山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō金jīn，其qí陰yīn多duō鐵tiě，其qí獸shòu多duō麋mí鹿lù、㸲zuò牛niú。

Three hundred and fifty li further west lies Mount Xihuang (西皇). Its southern slope abounds in gold, its northern slope in iron; its beasts are chiefly David's deer (milu 麋鹿) and zuoniu.

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē萊lái山shān，其qí木mù多duō檀tán楮chǔ，其qí鳥niǎo多duō羅luó羅luó，是shì食shí人rén。

Three hundred and fifty li further west lies Mount Lai (萊山). Its trees are chiefly sandalwood and paper mulberry; its birds chiefly luoluo (羅羅), which devour men.

凡fán《西xī次cì二èr經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，自zì鈐qián山shān至zhì于yú萊lái山shān，凡fán十shí七qī山shān，四sì千qiān一yī百bǎi四sì十shí里lǐ。其qí十shí神shén者zhě，皆jiē人rén面miàn而ér馬mǎ身shēn。其qí七qī神shén皆jiē人rén面miàn牛niú身shēn，四sì足zú而ér一yī臂bì，操cāo杖zhàng以yǐ行xíng，是shì為wèi飛fēi獸shòu之zhī神shén；其qí祠cí之zhī，毛máo用yòng少shǎo牢láo，白bái菅jiān為wèi席xí。其qí十shí輩bèi神shén者zhě，其qí祠cí之zhī，毛máo一yī雄xióng鷄jī，鈐qián而ér不bù糈xǔ；毛máo采cǎi。

In all, from Mount Qian to Mount Lai, the Second Western Classic counts seventeen mountains, over four thousand one hundred and forty li. Ten of its deities have a human face and a horse's body. The other seven have a human face and an ox's body, four legs and a single arm, and walk leaning on a staff: they are the deities of the flying animals; to honor them a small sacrifice is offered (shaolao 少牢, a sheep and a pig) and mats of white sedge are spread. To the first ten deities a cock is offered, without sacred grain; the sacrifice's feathers are of fitting color.

Third Western Classic — 西次三经

《西xī次cì三sān經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，曰yuē崇chóng吾wú之zhī山shān，在zài河hé之zhī南nán，北běi望wàng冡méng遂suì，南nán望wàng䍃yóu之zhī澤zé，西xī望wàng帝dì之zhī搏bó、獸shòu之zhī丘qiū，東dōng望wàng䗡yán淵yuān。有yǒu木mù焉yān，員yuán葉yè而ér白bái柎fū，赤chì華huá而ér黑hēi理lǐ，其qí實shí如rú枳zhǐ，食shí之zhī宜yí子zi孫sūn。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú禺yú而ér文wén臂bì，豹bào虎hǔ而ér善shàn投tóu，名míng曰yuē舉jǔ父fù。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鳧fú，而ér一yī翼yì一yī目mù，相xiāng得dé乃nǎi飛fēi，名míng曰yuē蠻mán蠻mán，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià大dà水shuǐ。

The first mountain of the Third Western Classic is called Mount Chongwu (崇吾), south of the River. To the north it looks toward Zhongsui (冡遂), to the south toward the marsh of Yao (䍃), to the west toward the Bo of the Emperor and the hill of Beasts, to the east toward the abyss of Yu (䗡淵). There grows a tree with round leaves and white calyxes, red flowers and black veins, whose fruit resembles the thorny orange; whoever eats it will have numerous offspring. There lives a beast resembling a monkey, with arms spotted like the leopard's and tiger's, skilled at throwing, called jufu (舉父). There is a bird resembling a wild duck, but with a single wing and a single eye, which can fly only in pairs, called manman (蠻蠻); when it appears, the empire suffers great floods.

西xī北běi三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē長cháng沙shā之zhī山shān，泚cǐ水shuǐ出chū焉yān，北běi流liú注zhù于yú泑yōu水shuǐ，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō青qīng雄xióng黃huáng。

Three hundred li to the northwest lies Mount Changsha (長沙). The Ci River (泚水) rises from it and flows north to the You (泑水). Bare, without grass or trees, it is rich in green realgar.

又yòu西xī北běi三sān百bǎi七qī十shí里lǐ，曰yuē不bù周zhōu之zhī山shān。北běi望wàng諸zhū毗pí之zhī山shān，臨lín彼bǐ嶽yuè崇chóng之zhī山shān，東dōng望wàng泑yōu澤zé，河hé水shuǐ所suǒ潛qián也yě，其qí源yuán渾hún渾hún泡pào泡pào。爰yuán有yǒu嘉jiā果guǒ，其qí實shí如rú桃táo，其qí葉yè如rú棗zǎo，黃huáng華huá而ér赤chì柎fū，食shí之zhī不bù勞láo。

Three hundred and seventy li further northwest lies Mount Buzhou (不周). To the north it looks toward Mount Zhubi (諸毗), towers above Mount Yuechong (嶽崇), and to the east looks toward the marsh of You (泑澤), where the River is swallowed up; its spring seethes and gushes. There grows a singular fruit, resembling a peach, with jujube leaves, yellow flowers and a red calyx; whoever eats it knows no fatigue.

又yòu西xī北běi四sì百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē峚mì山shān，其qí上shàng多duō丹dān木mù，員yuán葉yè而ér赤chì莖jīng，黃huáng華huá而ér赤chì實shí，其qí味wèi如rú飴yí，食shí之zhī不bù飢jī。丹dān水shuǐ出chū焉yān，西xī流liú注zhù于yú稷jì澤zé，其qí中zhōng多duō白bái玉yù，是shì有yǒu玉yù膏gāo，其qí源yuán沸fèi沸fèi湯tāng湯tāng，黃huáng帝dì是shì食shí是shì饗xiǎng。是shì生shēng玄xuán玉yù。玉yù膏gāo所suǒ出chū，以yǐ灌guàn丹dān木mù。丹dān木mù五wǔ歲suì，五wǔ色sè乃nǎi清qīng，五wǔ味wèi乃nǎi馨xīn。黃huáng帝dì乃nǎi取qǔ峚mì山shān之zhī玉yù榮róng，而ér投tóu之zhī鍾zhōng山shān之zhī陽yáng。瑾jǐn瑜yú之zhī玉yù為wèi良liáng，堅jiān粟sù精jīng密mì，濁zhuó澤zé有yǒu而ér光guāng。五wǔ色sè發fā作zuò，以yǐ和hé柔róu剛gāng。天tiān地dì鬼guǐ神shén，是shì食shí是shì饗xiǎng；君jūn子zi服fú之zhī，以yǐ禦yù不bù祥xiáng。自zì峚mì山shān至zhì于yú鍾zhōng山shān，四sì百bǎi六liù十shí里lǐ，其qí間jiān盡jǐn澤zé也yě。是shì多duō奇qí鳥niǎo、怪guài獸shòu、奇qí魚yú，皆jiē異yì物wù焉yān。

Four hundred and twenty li further northwest lies Mount Mi (峚山). Its summit abounds in dan trees (丹木), with round leaves and a red trunk, yellow flowers and red fruits, which taste like honey; whoever eats them does not hunger. The Dan River (丹水) rises from it and flows west to the marsh of Ji (稷澤); it abounds in white jade. There is found jade fat (yugao 玉膏), whose spring seethes and smokes; the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) ate of it and relished it. It gives birth to black jade. The overflowing jade fat waters the dan tree: after five years, it bears fruits whose five colors are pure and whose five flavors are fragrant. The Yellow Emperor then took the jade flower of Mount Mi and scattered it on the southern slope of Mount Zhong (鍾山). The jin (瑾) and yu (瑜) jade is the best: hard and dense of grain, compact and smooth, with a deep and gleaming luster. Its five colors appear, uniting softness and firmness. Heaven, Earth, the spirits of the ancestors and the deities eat of it and relish it; the virtuous one who wears it is protected from misfortune. From Mount Mi to Mount Zhong, over four hundred and sixty li, all is marsh, inhabited by rare birds, strange beasts and curious fish, all extraordinary creatures.

又yòu西xī北běi四sì百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē鍾zhōng山shān，其qí子zi曰yuē鼓gǔ，其qí狀zhuàng如rú人rén面miàn而ér龍lóng身shēn，是shì與yǔ欽qīn䲹pí殺shā葆bǎo江jiāng于yú崑kūn崙lún之zhī陽yáng，帝dì乃nǎi戮lù之zhī鍾zhōng山shān之zhī東dōng曰yuē𡺯yáo崖yá，欽qīn䲹pí化huà為wèi大dà鶚è，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鵰diāo而ér黑hēi文wén白bái首shǒu，赤chì喙huì而ér虎hǔ爪zhǎo，其qí音yīn如rú晨chén鵠hú，見jiàn則zé有yǒu大dà兵bīng；鼓gǔ亦yì化huà為wèi鵔jùn鳥niǎo，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鴟chī，赤chì足zú而ér直zhí喙huì，黃huáng文wén而ér白bái首shǒu，其qí音yīn如rú鵠hú，見jiàn即jí其qí邑yì大dà旱hàn。

Four hundred and twenty li further northwest lies Mount Zhong (鍾山). Its son is called Gu (鼓), with a human face and a dragon's body. Together with Qinpi (欽䲹) he slew Baojiang (葆江) on the southern slope of the Kunlun; the Emperor then condemned them to death east of Mount Zhong, at a place called the cliff of Yao (𡺯崖). Qinpi was transformed into a great osprey, resembling a vulture, with a black pattern and white head, red beak and tiger's claws, whose cry at dawn sounds like a swan; when it appears, great war breaks out. Gu was transformed into a jun bird (鵔), resembling an eagle, with red feet and a straight beak, a yellow pattern and white head, whose cry sounds like a swan; when it appears, its region suffers great drought.

又yòu西xī百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē泰tài器qì之zhī山shān。觀guān水shuǐ出chū焉yān，西xī流liú注zhù于yú流liú沙shā。是shì多duō文wén鰩yáo魚yú，狀zhuàng如rú鯉lǐ魚yú，魚yú身shēn而ér鳥niǎo翼yì，蒼cāng文wén而ér白bái首shǒu，赤chì喙huì，常cháng行xíng西xī海hǎi，遊yóu於yú東dōng海hǎi，以yǐ夜yè飛fēi。其qí音yīn如rú鸞luán雞jī，其qí味wèi酸suān甘gān，食shí之zhī已yǐ狂kuáng，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià大dà穰ráng。

One hundred and eighty li further west lies Mount Taiqi (泰器). The Guan River (觀水) rises from it and flows west to the Drifting Sands (liusha 流沙). It abounds in flying wenyao fish (文鰩魚), resembling a carp, with a fish's body and bird's wings, a dark green pattern and white head, a red beak; they dwell in the western sea and swim to the eastern sea, flying by night. Their cry sounds like the luan cock's, their taste is sweet-sour; whoever eats them is healed of madness, and when they appear, the empire reaps a great harvest.

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē槐huái江jiāng之zhī山shān。丘qiū時shí之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér北běi流liú注zhù于yú泑yōu水shuǐ。其qí中zhōng多duō蠃luǒ母mǔ，其qí上shàng多duō青qīng雄xióng黃huáng，多duō藏cáng琅láng玕gān、黃huáng金jīn、玉yù，其qí陽yáng多duō丹dān粟sù，其qí陰yīn多duō采cǎi黃huáng金jīn、銀yín。實shí惟wéi帝dì之zhī平píng圃pǔ，神shén英yīng招zhāo司sī之zhī，其qí狀zhuàng馬mǎ身shēn而ér人rén面miàn，虎hǔ文wén而ér鳥niǎo翼yì，徇xùn于yú四sì海hǎi，其qí音yīn如rú榴liú。南nán望wàng崑kūn崙lún，其qí光guāng熊xióng熊xióng，其qí氣qì魂hún魂hún。西xī望wàng大dà澤zé，后hòu稷jì所suǒ潛qián也yě；其qí中zhōng多duō玉yù，其qí陰yīn多duō榣yáo木mù之zhī有yǒu若ruò。北běi望wàng諸zhū毗pí，槐huái鬼guǐ離lí侖lún居jū之zhī，鷹yīng鸇zhān之zhī所suǒ宅zhái也yě。東dōng望wàng恒héng山shān四sì成chéng，有yǒu窮qióng鬼guǐ居jū之zhī，各gè在zài一yī搏bó。爰yuán有yǒu淫yín水shuǐ，其qí清qīng洛luò洛luò。有yǒu天tiān神shén焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú牛niú，而ér八bā足zú二èr首shǒu馬mǎ尾wěi，其qí音yīn如rú勃bó皇huáng，見jiàn則zé其qí邑yì有yǒu兵bīng。

Three hundred and twenty li further west lies Mount Huaijiang (槐江). The Qiushi River (丘時水) rises from it and flows north to the You (泑水); it abounds in snail-mothers (luomu 蠃母). Its summit abounds in green realgar and holds much langgan (琅玕), gold and jade; its southern slope abounds in grains of cinnabar, its northern slope in gold and silver. This is the Hanging Garden of the Emperor, guarded by the god Yingzhao (英招), with a horse's body and a human face, a tiger's pattern and bird's wings, who roams the four seas; his voice sounds like singing. To the south is seen the Kunlun, whose light blazes and whose aura ripples. To the west is seen the great marsh where Houji (后稷) withdrew; it is rich in jade, and its northern slope bears the yao tree (榣木) that brings the ruò (若). To the north is seen Zhubi (諸毗), where the demon Huaigui Lilun nests, a nest of vultures and eagles. To the east is seen Mount Heng (恒山) of four terraces, where the Qiong demons nest, each on one ridge. There flow abundant waters, clear and murmuring. There lives a celestial god, resembling an ox, with eight legs, two heads and a horse's tail, whose voice sounds like the bohuang; when he appears, his region suffers war.

西xī南nán四sì百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē崑kūn崙lún之zhī丘qiū，是shì實shí惟wéi帝dì之zhī下xià都dōu，神shén陸lù吾wú司sī之zhī。其qí神shén狀zhuàng虎hǔ身shēn而ér九jiǔ尾wěi，人rén面miàn而ér虎hǔ爪zhǎo；是shì神shén也yě，司sī天tiān之zhī九jiǔ部bù及jí帝dì之zhī囿yòu時shí。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú羊yáng而ér四sì角jiǎo，名míng曰yuē土tǔ螻lóu，是shì食shí人rén。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú蜂fēng，大dà如rú鴛yuān鴦yāng，名míng曰yuē欽qīn原yuán，蠚hē鳥niǎo獸shòu則zé死sǐ，蠚hē木mù則zé枯kū。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí名míng曰yuē鶉chún鳥niǎo，是shì司sī帝dì之zhī百bǎi服fú。有yǒu木mù焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú棠táng，華huá黃huáng赤chì實shí，其qí味wèi如rú李lǐ而ér無wú核hé，名míng曰yuē沙shā棠táng，可kě以yǐ禦yù水shuǐ，食shí之zhī使shǐ人rén不bù溺nì。有yǒu草cǎo焉yān，名míng曰yuē薲pín草cǎo，其qí狀zhuàng如rú葵kuí，其qí味wèi如rú葱cōng，食shí之zhī已yǐ勞láo。河hé水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér南nán流liú東dōng注zhù于yú無wú達dá。赤chì水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng南nán流liú注zhù于yú氾fàn天tiān之zhī水shuǐ。洋yáng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér西xī南nán流liú注zhù于yú醜chǒu塗tú之zhī水shuǐ。黑hēi水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér西xī流liú于yú大dà杅yú。是shì多duō怪guài鳥niǎo獸shòu。

Four hundred li to the southwest lies the hill of Kunlun (崑崙之丘), which is the earthly capital of the Emperor, guarded by the god Luwu (陸吾). This god has a tiger's body with nine tails, a human face and tiger's claws; he governs the nine regions of Heaven and the seasons of the Emperor's garden. There lives a beast resembling a sheep, with four horns, called tulou (土螻), which devours men. There is a bird resembling a wasp, the size of a mandarin duck, called qinyuan (欽原): its sting kills birds and beasts and makes the trees wither. There is a bird called chunniao (鶉鳥), which manages the Emperor's hundred garments. There grows a tree resembling a wild pear, with yellow flowers and red fruits, with the taste of plum, but without a stone, called shatang (沙棠); it protects against water, and whoever eats it does not drown. There grows a plant called pincao (薲草), resembling the marsh mallow, with the taste of chives; whoever eats it is healed of fatigue. The River (河水) rises from it and flows south, then east to the Wuda (無達). The Red River (赤水) rises from it and flows southeast to the Fantian (氾天水). The Yang River (洋水) rises from it and flows southwest to the Choutu (醜塗水). The Black River (黑水) rises from it and flows west to the Dayu (大杅). There are many strange birds and beasts.

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi七qī十shí里lǐ，曰yuē樂lè游yóu之zhī山shān。桃táo水shuǐ出chū焉yān，西xī流liú注zhù于yú稷jì澤zé，是shì多duō白bái玉yù。其qí中zhōng多duō滑gǔ魚yú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú蛇shé而ér四sì足zú，是shì食shí魚yú。

Three hundred and seventy li further west lies Mount Leyou (樂游). The Tao River (桃水) rises from it and flows west to the marsh of Ji; it abounds in white jade. It abounds in gu fish (滑魚), resembling a serpent, but with four legs, which feed on fish.

西xī水shuǐ行xíng四sì百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē流liú沙shā，二èr百bǎi里lǐ至zhì于yú蠃luǒ母mǔ之zhī山shān。神shén長cháng乘chéng司sī之zhī，是shì天tiān之zhī九jiǔ德dé也yě。其qí神shén狀zhuàng如rú人rén而ér犳zhuó尾wěi。其qí上shàng多duō玉yù，其qí下xià多duō青qīng石shí而ér無wú水shuǐ。

Going west by water four hundred li, one reaches the Drifting Sands (流沙); two hundred li further lies Mount Luomu (蠃母). The god Changcheng (長乘) guards it; he embodies the nine virtues of Heaven. This god has a human form, but the tail of a spotted leopard. Its summit abounds in jade, its foot in green stone; it has no water.

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē玉yù山shān，是shì西xī王wáng母mǔ所suǒ居jū也yě。西xī王wáng母mǔ其qí狀zhuàng如rú人rén，豹bào尾wěi虎hǔ齒chǐ而ér善shàn嘯xiào，蓬péng髮fà戴dài勝shèng，是shì司sī天tiān之zhī厲lì及jí五wǔ殘cán。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú犬quǎn而ér豹bào文wén，其qí角jiǎo如rú牛niú，其qí名míng曰yuē狡jiǎo，其qí音yīn如rú吠fèi犬quǎn，見jiàn則zé其qí國guó大dà穰ráng。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú翟dí而ér赤chì，名míng曰yuē胜shèng遇yù，是shì食shí魚yú，其qí音yīn如rú錄lù，見jiàn則zé其qí國guó大dà水shuǐ。

Three hundred and fifty li further west lies Mount Yu (玉山), where the Queen Mother of the West (Xiwangmu 西王母) dwells. The Queen Mother has a human form, but with a leopard's tail and tiger's teeth; she whistles mightily, with disheveled hair and crowned with jewels (sheng 勝); she governs the hosts of Heaven and the five punishments. There lives a beast resembling a dog, with a leopard's pattern and ox's horns, called jiao (狡); its cry sounds like a dog's bark; when it appears, the land reaps a great harvest. There is a bird resembling a pheasant, but red, called shengyu (胜遇), which feeds on fish; its cry sounds like «lu»; when it appears, the land suffers great floods.

又yòu西xī四sì百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē軒xuān轅yuán之zhī丘qiū，無wú草cǎo木mù。洵xún水shuǐ出chū焉yān，南nán流liú注zhù于yú黑hēi水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō丹dān粟sù，多duō青qīng雄xióng黃huáng。

Four hundred and eighty li further west lies the hill of Xuanyuan (軒轅之丘), bare, without grass or trees. The Xun River (洵水) rises from it and flows south to the Black River; it abounds in grains of cinnabar and green realgar.

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē積jī石shí之zhī山shān，其qí下xià有yǒu石shí門mén，河hé水shuǐ冒mào以yǐ西xī流liú。是shì山shān也yě，萬wàn物wù無wú不bù有yǒu焉yān。

Three hundred li further west lies Mount Jishi (積石). At its foot opens a stone gate whence the River gushes and flows west. This mountain possesses everything without exception.

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē長cháng留liú之zhī山shān，其qí神shén白bái帝dì少shǎo昊hào居jū之zhī。其qí獸shòu皆jiē文wén尾wěi，其qí鳥niǎo皆jiē文wén首shǒu。是shì多duō文wén玉yù石shí。實shí惟wéi員yuán神shén磈wěi氏shì之zhī宮gōng。是shì神shén也yě，主zhǔ司sī反fǎn景jǐng。

Two hundred li further west lies Mount Changliu (長留), where the god Baidi Shaohao (白帝少昊) dwells. Its beasts all have a spotted tail, its birds a spotted head. It abounds in veined jade. It is the palace of the god Yuanshen Wei (員神磈氏). This god governs the reflection of the setting sun.

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē章zhāng莪é之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō瑤yáo碧bì。所suǒ為wèi甚shèn怪guài。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú赤chì豹bào，五wǔ尾wěi一yī角jiǎo，其qí音yīn如rú擊jī石shí，其qí名míng如rú猙zhēng。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鶴hè，一yī足zú，赤chì文wén青qīng質zhì而ér白bái喙huì，名míng曰yuē畢bì方fāng，其qí鳴míng自zì叫jiào也yě，見jiàn則zé其qí邑yì有yǒu譌é火huǒ。

Two hundred and eighty li further west lies Mount Zhang'e (章莪), bare, without grass or trees, rich in yao jade (瑤) and jasper (bi 碧); very strange things happen there. There lives a beast resembling a red leopard, with five tails and a single horn, whose cry sounds like the clashing of stones; it is called zheng (猙). There is a bird resembling a crane, with a single leg, with a red pattern on a green ground and a white beak, called bifang (畢方); its cry utters its own name; when it appears, a supernatural fire ravages the region.

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē陰yīn山shān，濁zhuó浴yù之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér南nán流liú注zhù于yú蕃fán澤zé，其qí中zhōng多duō文wén貝bèi。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú狸lí而ér白bái首shǒu，名míng曰yuē天tiān狗gǒu，其qí音yīn如rú榴liú榴liú，可kě以yǐ禦yù凶xiōng。

Three hundred li further west lies Mount Yin (陰山). The Zhuoyu River (濁浴水) rises from it and flows south to the marsh of Fan (蕃澤); it abounds in spotted shells (wenbei 文貝). There lives a beast resembling a wildcat, but with a white head, called tiangou (天狗, celestial dog); its cry sounds «liuliu»; it guards against misfortune.

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē符fú愓dàng之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō椶zōng柟nán，下xià多duō金jīn玉yù，神shén江jiāng疑yí居jū之zhī。是shì山shān也yě，多duō怪guài雨yǔ，風fēng雲yún之zhī所suǒ出chū也yě。

Two hundred li further west lies Mount Fudang (符愓). Its summit abounds in palms and nanmu, its foot in gold and jade; the god Jiangyi (江疑) dwells there. This mountain knows strange rains: from it come the wind and the clouds.

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē三sān危wēi之zhī山shān，三sān青qīng鳥niǎo居jū之zhī。是shì山shān也yě，廣guǎng員yuán百bǎi里lǐ。其qí上shàng有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú牛niú，白bái身shēn四sì角jiǎo，其qí毫háo如rú披pī蓑suō，其qí名míng曰yuē𢕟áo𢓨yīn，是shì食shí人rén。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，一yī首shǒu而ér三sān身shēn，其qí狀zhuàng如rú𪇱huān，其qí名míng曰yuē鴟chī。

Two hundred and twenty li further west lies Mount Sanwei (三危), where three blue birds dwell. This mountain measures a hundred li in circumference. On its summit lives a beast resembling an ox, with a white body and four horns, with long hair like a straw cloak, called aoyin (𢕟𢓨), which devours men. There is a bird with a single head and three bodies, resembling the huan (𪇱), called chi (鴟).

又yòu西xī一yī百bǎi九jiǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē騩guī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō玉yù而ér無wú石shí。神shén耆qí童tóng居jū之zhī，其qí音yīn常cháng如rú鍾zhōng磬qìng。其qí下xià多duō積jī蛇shé。

One hundred and ninety li further west lies Mount Gui (騩山). Its summit abounds in jade and is without stone. The god Qitong (耆童) dwells there; his voice never ceases, like bells and sonorous stone. At its foot serpents swarm.

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē天tiān山shān，多duō金jīn玉yù，有yǒu青qīng雄xióng黃huáng。英yīng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér西xī南nán流liú注zhù于yú湯tāng谷gǔ。有yǒu神shén焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú黃huáng囊náng，赤chì如rú丹dān火huǒ，六liù足zú四sì翼yì，渾hún敦dūn無wú面miàn目mù，是shì識shí歌gē舞wǔ，實shí惟wéi帝dì江jiāng也yě。

Three hundred and fifty li further west lies Mount Tian (天山), rich in gold and jade, with green realgar. The Ying River (英水) rises from it and flows southwest to the valley of Tang (湯谷). There lives a god resembling a yellow sack, red as cinnabar fire, with six legs and four wings, formless and without face or eyes, who can sing and dance well: it is Dijiang (帝江).

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi九jiǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē泑yōu山shān，神shén蓐rù收shōu居jū之zhī。其qí上shàng多duō嬰yīng短duǎn之zhī玉yù，其qí陽yáng多duō瑾jǐn瑜yú之zhī玉yù，其qí陰yīn多duō青qīng雄xióng黃huáng。是shì山shān也yě，西xī望wàng日rì之zhī所suǒ入rù，其qí氣qì員yuán，神shén紅hóng光guāng之zhī所suǒ司sī也yě。

Two hundred and ninety li further west lies Mount You (泑山), where the god Rushou (蓐收) dwells. Its summit abounds in yingduan jade (嬰短), its southern slope in jin and yu jade, its northern slope in green realgar. From this mountain, looking west, one sees the place where the sun sets; its aura is round, and the god Hongguang (紅光) governs there.

西xī水shuǐ行xíng百bǎi里lǐ，至zhì于yú翼yì望wàng之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō金jīn玉yù。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú狸lí，一yī目mù而ér三sān尾wěi，名míng曰yuē讙huān，其qí音yīn如rú𡙸duó百bǎi聲shēng，是shì可kě以yǐ禦yù凶xiōng，服fú之zhī已yǐ癉dàn。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú烏wū，三sān首shǒu六liù尾wěi而ér善shàn笑xiào，名míng曰yuē鵸qí鵌yú，服fú之zhī使shǐ人rén不bù厭yàn，又yòu可kě以yǐ禦yù凶xiōng。

Going west by water one hundred li, one reaches Mount Yiwang (翼望), bare, without grass or trees, rich in gold and jade. There lives a beast resembling a wildcat, with a single eye and three tails, called huan (讙); its voice equals a hundred voices together; it guards against misfortune, and whoever eats it is healed of fevers. There is a bird resembling a crow, with three heads and six tails, which loves to laugh, called qiyu (鵸鵌); whoever eats it has no nightmares, and it too guards against misfortune.

凡fán《西xī次cì三sān經jīng》之zhī首shǒu，崇chóng吾wú之zhī山shān至zhì于yú翼yì望wàng之zhī山shān，凡fán二èr十shí三sān山shān，六liù千qiān七qī百bǎi四sì十shí四sì里lǐ。其qí神shén狀zhuàng皆jiē羊yáng身shēn人rén面miàn。其qí祠cí之zhī禮lǐ，用yòng一yī吉jí玉yù瘞yì，糈xǔ用yòng稷jì米mǐ。

In all, from Mount Chongwu to Mount Yiwang, the Third Western Classic counts twenty-three mountains, over six thousand seven hundred and forty-four li. Its deities all have a sheep's body and a human face. The rites of the cult: jade tablets that bring blessing are buried; as sacred grain millet (ji 稷) is used.

Fourth Western Classic — 西次四经

《西xī次cì四sì經jīng》之zhī首shǒu曰yuē陰yīn山shān，上shàng多duō穀gǔ，無wú石shí，其qí草cǎo多duō茆mǎo蕃fán。陰yīn水shuǐ出chū焉yān，西xī流liú注zhù于yú洛luò。

The first mountain of the Fourth Western Classic is called Mount Yin (陰山). Its summit abounds in paper mulberry (gu 穀) and is without stone; its plants are chiefly mao (茆) and fan (蕃). The Yin River (陰水) rises from it and flows west to the Luo (洛).

北běi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē勞láo山shān，多duō茈zǐ草cǎo。弱ruò水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér西xī流liú注zhù于yú洛luò。

Fifty li to the north lies Mount Lao (勞山), rich in zi grass (茈草). The Ruo River (弱水) rises from it and flows west to the Luo.

西xī五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē罷bà父fù之zhī山shān。洱ěr水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér西xī流liú注zhù于yú洛luò，其qí中zhōng多duō茈zǐ、碧bì。

Fifty li to the west lies Mount Bafu (罷父). The Er River (洱水) rises from it and flows west to the Luo; it abounds in zi stone (茈) and jasper.

北běi百bǎi七qī十shí里lǐ，曰yuē申shēn山shān，其qí上shàng多duō穀gǔ柞zuò，其qí下xià多duō杻niǔ橿jiāng，其qí陽yáng多duō金jīn玉yù。區qū水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng流liú注zhù于yú河hé。

One hundred and seventy li to the north lies Mount Shen (申山). Its summit abounds in paper mulberry and oak (zuo 柞), its foot in niu and jiang, its southern slope in gold and jade. The Qu River (區水) rises from it and flows east to the River.

北běi二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē鳥niǎo山shān，其qí上shàng多duō桑sāng，其qí下xià多duō楮chǔ，其qí陰yīn多duō鐵tiě，其qí陽yáng多duō玉yù。辱rǔ水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng流liú注zhù于yú河hé。

Two hundred li to the north lies Mount Niao (鳥山). Its summit abounds in mulberry (sang 桑), its foot in paper mulberry (chu 楮), its northern slope in iron, its southern slope in jade. The Ru River (辱水) rises from it and flows east to the River.

又yòu北běi百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē上shàng申shēn之zhī山shān，上shàng無wú草cǎo木mù，而ér多duō硌luò石shí，下xià多duō榛zhēn楛hù，獸shòu多duō白bái鹿lù。其qí鳥niǎo多duō當dāng扈hù，其qí狀zhuàng如rú雉zhì，以yǐ其qí髯rán飛fēi，食shí之zhī不bù眴xuàn目mù。湯tāng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú河hé。

One hundred and twenty li further north lies Mount Shangshen (上申). Its summit is without grass or trees but rich in great boulders (luoshi 硌石), its foot in hazels (zhen 榛) and hu (楛); its beasts are chiefly white deer. Its bird is chiefly the danghu (當扈), resembling a pheasant, which flies by means of its beard feathers; whoever eats it no longer blinks. The Tang River (湯水) rises from it and flows east to the River.

又yòu北běi百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē諸zhū次cì之zhī山shān，諸zhū次cì之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng流liú注zhù于yú河hé。是shì山shān也yě，多duō木mù無wú草cǎo，鳥niǎo獸shòu莫mò居jū，是shì多duō眾zhòng蛇shé。

One hundred and eighty li further north lies Mount Zhuci (諸次). The Zhuci River (諸次水) rises from it and flows east to the River. This mountain abounds in trees but is without grass; no bird or beast dwells upon it, but it swarms with serpents.

又yòu北běi百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē號hào山shān，其qí木mù多duō漆qī、椶zōng，其qí草cǎo多duō葯yào、虈xiāo、芎xiōng窮qióng。多duō汵gàn石shí。端duān水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng流liú注zhù于yú河hé。

One hundred and eighty li further north lies Mount Hao (號山). Its trees are chiefly the lacquer tree (qi 漆) and palms; its plants chiefly angelica (yao 葯), xiao (虈) and mountain lovage (xiongqiong 芎窮). It abounds in soft stone (ganshi 汵石). The Duan River (端水) rises from it and flows east to the River.

又yòu北běi二èr百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē盂yú山shān，其qí陰yīn多duō鐵tiě，其qí陽yáng多duō銅tóng，其qí獸shòu多duō白bái狼láng白bái虎hǔ，其qí鳥niǎo多duō白bái雉zhì白bái翟dí。生shēng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng流liú注zhù于yú河hé。

Two hundred and twenty li further north lies Mount Yu (盂山). Its northern slope abounds in iron, its southern slope in copper; its beasts are chiefly white wolves and white tigers, its birds white pheasants (baizhi 白雉) and white di (baidi 白翟). The Sheng River (生水) rises from it and flows east to the River.

西xī二èr百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē白bái於yú之zhī山shān，上shàng多duō松sōng柏bǎi，下xià多duō櫟lì檀tán，其qí獸shòu多duō㸲zuò牛niú、羬qián羊yáng，其qí鳥niǎo多duō鴞xiāo。洛luò水shuǐ出chū于yú其qí陽yáng，而ér東dōng流liú注zhù于yú渭wèi；夾jiā水shuǐ出chū于yú其qí陰yīn，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú生shēng水shuǐ。

Two hundred and fifty li to the west lies Mount Baiyu (白於). Its summit abounds in pines and cypresses, its foot in oak (li 櫟) and sandalwood; its beasts are chiefly zuoniu and qianyang, its birds chiefly owls. The Luo River (洛水) rises from its southern slope and flows east to the Wei; the Jia River (夾水) rises from its northern slope and flows east to the Sheng (生水).

西xī北běi三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē申shēn首shǒu之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，冬dōng夏xià有yǒu雪xuě。申shēn水shuǐ出chū于yú其qí上shàng，潛qián于yú其qí下xià，是shì多duō白bái玉yù。

Three hundred li to the northwest lies Mount Shenshou (申首), bare, without grass or trees, covered with snow in winter and summer. The Shen River (申水) rises on its summit and is swallowed up at its foot; it abounds in white jade.

又yòu西xī五wǔ十shí五wǔ里lǐ，曰yuē涇jīng谷gǔ之zhī山shān，涇jīng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng南nán流liú注zhù于yú渭wèi，是shì多duō白bái金jīn白bái玉yù。

Fifty-five li further west lies Mount Jinggu (涇谷). The Jing River (涇水) rises from it and flows southeast to the Wei; it abounds in silver and white jade.

又yòu西xī百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē剛gāng山shān，多duō柴chái木mù，多duō㻬tū琈fú之zhī玉yù。剛gāng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，北běi流liú注zhù于yú渭wèi，是shì多duō神shén𩳁lěi，其qí狀zhuàng人rén面miàn獸shòu身shēn，一yī足zú一yī手shǒu，其qí音yīn如rú欽qīn。

One hundred and twenty li further west lies Mount Gang (剛山), rich in firewood and tufu jade. The Gang River (剛水) rises from it and flows north to the Wei; it abounds in lei spirits (神𩳁), with a human face and an animal's body, with a single leg and a single hand, whose voice sounds like a moan.

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi里lǐ，至zhì剛gāng山shān之zhī尾wěi，洛luò水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér北běi流liú注zhù于yú河hé。其qí中zhōng多duō蠻mán蠻mán，其qí狀zhuàng鼠shǔ身shēn而ér鱉biē首shǒu，其qí音yīn如rú吠fèi犬quǎn。

Two hundred li further west, at the end of Mount Gang, the Luo River (洛水) rises and flows north to the River. It abounds in manman (蠻蠻), with a mouse's body and a turtle's head, whose voice sounds like a dog's bark.

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē英yīng鞮dī之zhī山shān，上shàng多duō漆qī木mù，下xià多duō金jīn玉yù，鳥niǎo獸shòu盡jǐn白bái，涴wò水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér北běi注zhù于yú陵líng羊yáng之zhī澤zé。是shì多duō冉rǎn遺yí之zhī魚yú，魚yú身shēn蛇shé首shǒu、六liù足zú，其qí目mù如rú馬mǎ耳ěr，食shí之zhī使shǐ人rén不bù眯mī，可kě以yǐ禦yù凶xiōng。

Three hundred and fifty li further west lies Mount Yingdi (英鞮). Its summit abounds in the lacquer tree, its foot in gold and jade; its birds and beasts are all white. The Wo River (涴水) rises from it and flows north to the marsh of Lingyang (陵羊澤). It abounds in ranyi fish (冉遺), with a fish's body and a serpent's head, with six legs, whose eyes resemble horse's ears; whoever eats them does not suffer from dizziness and is protected from misfortune.

又yòu西xī三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē中zhōng曲qū之zhī山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō玉yù，其qí陰yīn多duō雄xióng黃huáng、白bái玉yù及jí金jīn。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú馬mǎ而ér白bái身shēn黑hēi尾wěi，一yī角jiǎo，虎hǔ牙yá爪zhǎo，音yīn如rú鼓gǔ音yīn，其qí名míng曰yuē駮bó，是shì食shí虎hǔ豹bào，可kě以yǐ禦yù兵bīng。有yǒu木mù焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú棠táng，而ér員yuán葉yè赤chì實shí，實shí大dà如rú木mù瓜guā，名míng曰yuē櫰huái木mù，食shí之zhī多duō力lì。

Three hundred li further west lies Mount Zhongqu (中曲). Its southern slope abounds in jade, its northern slope in realgar, white jade and gold. There lives a beast resembling a horse, with a white body and black tail, a single horn, tiger's teeth and claws, whose voice sounds like the rolling of drums; it is called bo (駮), it devours tigers and leopards and guards against weapons. There grows a tree resembling a wild pear, with round leaves and red fruits, the size of a quince, called huaimu (櫰木); whoever eats it becomes strong.

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi六liù十shí里lǐ，曰yuē邽guī山shān。其qí上shàng有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú牛niú，蝟wèi毛máo，名míng曰yuē窮qióng奇qí，音yīn如rú獋háo狗gǒu，是shì食shí人rén。濛méng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，南nán流liú注zhù于yú洋yáng水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō黃huáng貝bèi，蠃luǒ魚yú，魚yú身shēn而ér鳥niǎo翼yì，音yīn如rú鴛yuān鴦yāng，見jiàn則zé其qí邑yì大dà水shuǐ。

Two hundred and sixty li further west lies Mount Gui (邽山). On its summit lives a beast resembling an ox, with porcupine fur, called qiongqi (窮奇); its voice sounds like a dog's howl; it devours men. The Meng River (濛水) rises from it and flows south to the Yang (洋水); it abounds in yellow shells and luo fish (蠃魚), with a fish's body and bird's wings, whose voice sounds like a mandarin duck; when they appear, the region suffers great floods.

又yòu西xī二èr百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē鳥niǎo鼠shǔ同tóng穴xué之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō白bái虎hǔ、白bái玉yù。渭wèi水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér東dōng流liú注zhù于yú河hé。其qí中zhōng多duō鰠sāo魚yú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鱣zhān魚yú，動dòng則zé其qí邑yì有yǒu大dà兵bīng。濫làn水shuǐ出chū于yú其qí西xī，西xī流liú注zhù于yú漢hàn水shuǐ。多duō𩶯bīng魮pí之zhī魚yú，其qí狀zhuàng如rú覆fù銚diào，鳥niǎo首shǒu而ér魚yú翼yì魚yú尾wěi，音yīn如rú磬qìng石shí之zhī聲shēng，是shì生shēng珠zhū玉yù。

Two hundred and twenty li further west lies Mount Niaoshu-tongxue (鳥鼠同穴, «where bird and mouse share the same burrow»). Its summit abounds in white tigers and white jade. The Wei River (渭水) rises from it and flows east to the River; it abounds in sao fish (鰠魚), resembling the zhan fish (鱣): when they stir, the region suffers great war. The Lan River (濫水) rises from its western slope and flows west to the Han; it abounds in bingpi fish (𩶯魮), resembling an overturned pan, with a bird's head and wings and a fish's tail, whose sound resembles sonorous stone; they give birth to pearls and jade.

西xī南nán三sān百bǎi六liù十shí里lǐ，曰yuē崦yān嵫zī之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō丹dān木mù，其qí葉yè如rú穀gǔ，其qí實shí大dà如rú瓜guā，赤chì符fú而ér黑hēi理lǐ，食shí之zhī已yǐ癉dàn，可kě以yǐ禦yù火huǒ。其qí陽yáng多duō龜guī，其qí陰yīn多duō玉yù。苕tiáo水shuǐ出chū焉yān，而ér西xī流liú注zhù于yú海hǎi，其qí中zhōng多duō砥dǐ礪lì。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng馬mǎ身shēn而ér鳥niǎo翼yì，人rén面miàn蛇shé尾wěi，是shì好hǎo舉jǔ人rén，名míng曰yuē孰shú湖hú。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鴞xiāo而ér人rén面miàn，蜼wèi身shēn犬quǎn尾wěi，其qí名míng自zì號hào也yě，見jiàn則zé其qí邑yì大dà旱hàn。

Three hundred and sixty li to the southwest lies Mount Yanzi (崦嵫). Its summit abounds in dan trees (丹木), with paper mulberry leaves, with fruits the size of a melon, with red rind and black veins; whoever eats them is healed of fevers, and they guard against fire. Its southern slope abounds in turtles, its northern slope in jade. The Tiao River (苕水) rises from it and flows west to the sea; it abounds in whetstone (zhili 砥礪). There lives a beast with a horse's body and bird's wings, a human face and a serpent's tail, which loves to carry off men, called shuhu (孰湖). There is a bird resembling an owl, but with a human face, with a monkey's body and a dog's tail; its cry utters its own name; when it appears, the region suffers great drought.

凡fán《西xī次cì四sì經jīng》自zì陰yīn山shān以yǐ下xià，至zhì於yú崦yān嵫zī之zhī山shān，凡fán十shí九jiǔ山shān，三sān千qiān六liù百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ。其qí祠cí祀sì禮lǐ，皆jiē用yòng一yī白bái鷄jī祈qí。糈xǔ以yǐ稻dào米mǐ，白bái管guǎn為wèi席xí。

In all, from Mount Yin to Mount Yanzi, the Fourth Western Classic counts nineteen mountains, over three thousand six hundred and eighty li. For its cult is offered, to each, one white cock as supplication; as sacred grain rice is used, and mats of white sedge are spread.

General Summary of the Western Classic

右yòu西xī經jīng之zhī山shān，凡fán七qī十shí七qī山shān，一yī萬wàn七qī千qiān五wǔ百bǎi一yī十shí七qī里lǐ。

Here is the list of the mountains of the Western Classic: in all seventy-seven mountains, over seventeen thousand five hundred and seventeen li.

Notes

Structure of the chapter. The 西山经 is composed of four successive «classics»: the Hua range (nineteen peaks), the Second Classic (seventeen peaks), the Third Classic (twenty-three peaks) and the Fourth Classic (nineteen peaks), in all seventy-seven peaks and 17,517 li. Each part closes with a colophon stating the number of peaks, the distance, the form of the deities and the sacrificial rites.

Mount Hua and the Kunlun. The first range opens with Mount Hua (華山), one of the Five Sacred Peaks of China. The Third Classic culminates in the Kunlun (崑崙), the «earthly capital» of the celestial Emperor, guarded by the god Luwu, and then in the Jade Mountain where the Queen Mother of the West (Xiwangmu) dwells — two of the most celebrated mythological passages of the book.

Southern slope / northern slope (其阳 / 其阴). 阳 (yáng) designates the sunlit slope (on the southern side of a mountain), 阴 (yīn) the shaded slope (on the northern side); here translated «southern slope» and «northern slope».

Recurring formulas. «Whoever eats it…» (食之) and «whoever wears / consumes it…» (佩之 / 服之) introduce magical or medicinal virtues; «when it appears…» (见则) marks omen-creatures (war 兵, drought 旱, flood 大水, harvest 穰); «its cry utters its own name» (其鸣自号) marks animals whose cry imitates their name.

Minerals and technical terms. 㻬琈 (tufu) and 瑾瑜 (jinyu) are kinds of jade; 雄黄 (xionghuang) realgar; 丹粟 «grains of cinnabar»; 磬石 sonorous stone (lithophone). The rites mention the great sacrifice tailao (ox, sheep, pig) and the small sacrifice shaolao (sheep, pig).

Uncertain identifications. Many names of plants, minerals and creatures have no certain counterpart; all are transcribed into pinyin with their characters, and the English equivalents follow the traditional interpretations (Guo Pu, Hao Yixing).

Chinese text after the Chinese Text Project (ctext.org). Translation and notes: Chine-culture.com.