Chapter 5 of the Classic of Mountains and Seas (part 3)

The Classic of the Central Mountains (中山经 Zhōngshānjīng), presented in three pages, ends here. This last part covers the two ranges 中次十一经 and 中次十二经 (the regions of the Han and Lake Dongting), then the final colophons of the Five Classics of the Mountains (五藏山经), with the words of Yu the Great. Here one meets the Two Daughters of the Emperor of Mount Dongting. The Chinese text is given with its pinyin transcription, followed by the English translation and notes.

Eleventh Central Classic — 中次十一经 (the Jingshan range)

《中zhōng次cì一yī十shí一yī山shān經jīng》荊jīng山shān之zhī首shǒu，曰yuē翼yì望wàng之zhī山shān。湍tuān水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú濟jì。貺kuàng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng南nán流liú注zhù于yú漢hàn，其qí中zhōng多duō蛟jiāo。其qí上shàng多duō松sōng柏bǎi，其qí下xià多duō漆qī梓zǐ，其qí陽yáng多duō赤chì金jīn，其qí陰yīn多duō珉mín。

The Eleventh Central Classic, the Jingshan range. Its first mountain is called Mount Yiwang (翼望). The Tuan River (湍水) rises from it and flows east to empty into the Ji (濟); the Kuang River (貺水) rises from it and flows southeast to empty into the Han (漢); it abounds in jiao dragons (蛟). Its summit abounds in pines and cypresses, its foot in lacquer trees and catalpas; its southern slope in red gold, its northern slope in jasper (min 珉).

又yòu東dōng北běi一yī百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē朝cháo歌gē之zhī山shān。潕wǔ水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng南nán流liú注zhù于yú榮róng，其qí中zhōng多duō人rén魚yú。其qí上shàng多duō梓zǐ柟nán，其qí獸shòu多duō麢líng麋mí。有yǒu草cǎo焉yān，名míng曰yuē莽mǎng草cǎo，可kě以yǐ毒dú魚yú。

One hundred and fifty li to the northeast lies Mount Zhaoge (朝歌). The Wu River (潕水) rises from it and flows southeast to empty into the Rong (榮); it abounds in salamanders. Its summit abounds in catalpas and nanmu, its beasts above all in gorals and elaphures. There is found a grass called mangcao (莽草); it is used to poison fish.

又yòu東dōng南nán二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē帝dì囷qūn之zhī山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō㻬tū琈fú之zhī玉yù，其qí陰yīn多duō鐵tiě。帝dì囷qūn之zhī水shuǐ出chū于yú其qí上shàng，潛qián于yú其qí下xià，多duō鳴míng蛇shé。

Two hundred li to the southeast lies Mount Diqun (帝囷). Its southern slope abounds in tufu jade, its northern slope in iron. The Diqun River (帝囷水) wells up at its summit and is swallowed at its foot; it abounds in sounding serpents (mingshe 鳴蛇).

又yòu東dōng南nán五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē視shì山shān，其qí上shàng多duō韭jiǔ。有yǒu井jǐng焉yān，名míng曰yuē天tiān井jǐng，夏xià有yǒu水shuǐ，冬dōng竭jié。其qí上shàng多duō桑sāng，多duō美měi堊è、金jīn玉yù。

Fifty li to the southeast lies Mount Shi (視山); its summit abounds in scallions. There is on it a well called the «Celestial Well» (Tianjing 天井), which has water in summer and dries up in winter. Its summit abounds in mulberries, fine chalk, gold and jade.

又yòu東dōng南nán二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē前qián山shān，其qí木mù多duō櫧zhū，多duō柏bǎi，其qí陽yáng多duō金jīn，其qí陰yīn多duō赭zhě。

Two hundred li to the southeast lies Mount Qian (前山). Its trees are above all zhu oaks (櫧) and cypresses; its southern slope abounds in gold, its northern slope in ochre.

又yòu東dōng南nán三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē豐fēng山shān。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú蝯yuán，赤chì目mù、赤chì喙huì、黃huáng身shēn，名míng曰yuē雍yōng和hé，見jiàn則zé國guó有yǒu大dà恐kǒng。神shén耕gēng父fù處chù之zhī，常cháng遊yóu清qīng泠líng之zhī淵yuān，出chū入rù有yǒu光guāng，見jiàn則zé其qí國guó為wèi敗bài。有yǒu九jiǔ鐘zhōng焉yān，是shì知zhī霜shuāng鳴míng。其qí上shàng多duō金jīn，其qí下xià多duō穀gǔ柞zuò杻niǔ橿jiāng。

Three hundred li to the southeast lies Mount Feng (豐山). There is found a beast resembling the ape, with red eyes, red beak and yellow body, called yonghe (雍和); when it appears, the region knows a great terror. The god Gengfu (耕父) dwells there; he haunts ceaselessly the Qingleng abyss (清泠), shining when he enters and emerges, and when he appears, the region goes to ruin. There are on it nine bells that resound at the approach of frost. Its summit abounds in gold, its foot in paper mulberries, oaks, niu and jiang.

又yòu東dōng北běi八bā百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē兔tù床chuáng之zhī山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō鐵tiě，其qí木mù多duō藷shǔ藇xù，其qí草cǎo多duō雞jī穀gǔ，其qí本běn如rú雞jī卵luǎn，其qí味wèi酸suān甘gān，食shí者zhě利lì於yú人rén。

Eight hundred li to the northeast lies Mount Tuchuang (兔床). Its southern slope abounds in iron; its trees above all yam (shuyu 藷藇), its grasses above all jigu (雞穀), whose root resembles a hen's egg, of sweet-sour savor; whoever eats it draws benefit.

又yòu東dōng六liù十shí里lǐ，曰yuē皮pí山shān，多duō堊è，多duō赭zhě，其qí木mù多duō松sōng柏bǎi。

Sixty li to the east lies Mount Pi (皮山); it abounds in chalk and ochre, its trees above all pines and cypresses.

又yòu東dōng六liù十shí里lǐ，曰yuē瑤yáo碧bì之zhī山shān，其qí木mù多duō梓zǐ柟nán，其qí陰yīn多duō青qīng䨼hù，其qí陽yáng多duō白bái金jīn。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú雉zhì，恒héng食shí蜚fēi，名míng曰yuē鴆zhèn。

Sixty li to the east lies Mount Yaobi (瑤碧). Its trees are above all catalpas and nanmu; its northern slope abounds in green ore, its southern slope in silver. There is found a bird resembling the pheasant, which habitually feeds on fei insects (蜚), called zhen (鴆).

又yòu東dōng四sì十shí里lǐ，曰yuē支zhī離lí之zhī山shān，濟jì水shuǐ出chū焉yān，南nán流liú注zhù于yú漢hàn。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí名míng曰yuē嬰yīng勺sháo，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鵲què，赤chì目mù、赤chì喙huì、白bái身shēn，其qí尾wěi若ruò勺sháo，其qí鳴míng自zì呼hū。多duō㸲zuò牛niú，多duō羬qián羊yáng。

Forty li to the east lies Mount Zhili (支離). The Ji River (濟水) rises from it and flows south to empty into the Han. There is found a bird called yingshao (嬰勺), resembling the magpie, with red eyes, red beak and white body, and a tail shaped like a spoon; its cry utters its own name. It abounds in zuoniu and qianyang.

又yòu東dōng北běi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē祑zhì𥮐kòu之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō松sōng柏bǎi机jī柏bǎi。

Fifty li to the northeast lies Mount Zhikou (祑𥮐); its summit abounds in pines, cypresses and ji trees (机).

又yòu西xī北běi一yī百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē堇jǐn理lǐ之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō松sōng柏bǎi，多duō美měi梓zǐ，其qí陰yīn多duō丹dān䨼hù，多duō金jīn，其qí獸shòu多duō豹bào虎hǔ。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鵲què，青qīng身shēn白bái喙huì，白bái目mù白bái尾wěi，名míng曰yuē青qīng耕gēng，可kě以yǐ禦yù疫yì，其qí鳴míng自zì叫jiào。

One hundred li to the northwest lies Mount Jinli (堇理). Its summit abounds in pines and cypresses, and fine catalpas; its northern slope in cinnabar (dan 丹䨼) and gold; its beasts above all panthers and tigers. There is found a bird resembling the magpie, with a blue-green body and white beak, white eyes and white tail, called qinggeng (青耕); it protects from epidemics, and its cry utters its own name.

又yòu東dōng南nán三sān十shí里lǐ，曰yuē依yī軲gū之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō杻niǔ橿jiāng，多duō苴jū。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú犬quǎn，虎hǔ爪zhǎo有yǒu甲jiǎ，其qí名míng曰yuē獜lín，善shàn駚yǎng𤘝yǎn，食shí者zhě不bù風fēng。

Thirty li to the southeast lies Mount Yigu (依軲). Its summit abounds in niu and jiang, and in hemp (ju 苴). There is found a beast resembling the dog, with tiger's claws and covered with scales, called lin (獜); it loves to leap and tumble; whoever eats it has no ailments caused by wind.

又yòu東dōng南nán三sān十shí五wǔ里lǐ，曰yuē即jí谷gǔ之zhī山shān，多duō美měi玉yù，多duō玄xuán豹bào，多duō閭lǘ麈zhǔ，多duō麢líng㚟chuò。其qí陽yáng多duō珉mín，其qí陰yīn多duō青qīng䨼hù。

Thirty-five li to the southeast lies Mount Jigu (即谷); it abounds in fine jade, black panthers, lü and zhu deer, gorals and chuo. Its southern slope abounds in jasper (min 珉), its northern slope in green ore.

又yòu東dōng南nán四sì十shí里lǐ，曰yuē鷄jī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō美měi梓zǐ，多duō桑sāng，其qí草cǎo多duō韭jiǔ。

Forty li to the southeast lies Mount Ji (鷄山); its summit abounds in fine catalpas and mulberries, its grasses above all in scallions.

又yòu東dōng南nán五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē高gāo前qián之zhī山shān。其qí上shàng有yǒu水shuǐ焉yān，甚shèn寒hán而ér清qīng，帝dì臺tái之zhī漿jiāng也yě，飲yǐn之zhī者zhě不bù心xīn痛tòng。其qí上shàng有yǒu金jīn，其qí下xià有yǒu赭zhě。

Fifty li to the southeast lies Mount Gaoqian (高前). At its summit wells up a very cold and limpid water: it is the «drink of Emperor Tai»; whoever drinks of it has no heartache. Its summit conceals gold, its foot ochre.

又yòu東dōng南nán三sān十shí里lǐ，曰yuē游yóu戲xì之zhī山shān，多duō杻niǔ橿jiāng穀gǔ，多duō玉yù、多duō封fēng石shí。

Thirty li to the southeast lies Mount Youxi (游戲); it abounds in niu, jiang and paper mulberries, in jade and in feng stone (封石).

又yòu東dōng南nán三sān十shí五wǔ里lǐ，曰yuē從cóng山shān，其qí上shàng多duō松sōng柏bǎi，其qí下xià多duō竹zhú。從cóng水shuǐ出chū于yú其qí上shàng，潛qián于yú其qí下xià，其qí中zhōng多duō三sān足zú鱉biē，枝zhī尾wěi，食shí之zhī無wú蠱gǔ疫yì。

Thirty-five li to the southeast lies Mount Cong (從山). Its summit abounds in pines and cypresses, its foot in bamboos. The Cong River (從水) wells up at its summit and is swallowed at its foot; it abounds in soft-shelled turtles with three feet and a forked tail; whoever eats them escapes maleficence and epidemics.

又yòu東dōng南nán三sān十shí里lǐ，曰yuē嬰yīng䃌zhēn之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō松sōng柏bǎi，其qí下xià多duō梓zǐ椿chūn。

Thirty li to the southeast lies Mount Yingping (嬰䃌); its summit abounds in pines and cypresses, its foot in catalpas and ailanthus (chun 椿).

又yòu東dōng南nán三sān十shí里lǐ，曰yuē畢bì山shān。帝dì苑yuàn之zhī水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng北běi流liú注zhù于yú視shì，其qí中zhōng多duō水shuǐ玉yù，多duō蛟jiāo，其qí上shàng多duō㻬tū琈fú之zhī玉yù。

Thirty li to the southeast lies Mount Bi (畢山). The Diyuan River (帝苑水) rises from it and flows northeast to empty into the Shi (視); it abounds in rock crystal and jiao dragons; its summit abounds in tufu jade.

又yòu東dōng南nán二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē樂lè馬mǎ之zhī山shān。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú彙huì，赤chì如rú丹dān火huǒ，其qí名míng曰yuē𤟑huì，見jiàn則zé其qí國guó大dà疫yì。

Twenty li to the southeast lies Mount Lema (樂馬). There is found a beast resembling the hedgehog (hui 彙), red as the fire of cinnabar, called hui (𤟑); when it appears, the region knows a great epidemic.

又yòu東dōng南nán二èr十shí五wǔ里lǐ，曰yuē葴zhēn山shān，視shì水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng南nán流liú注zhù于yú汝rǔ水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō人rén魚yú，多duō蛟jiāo，多duō頡jié。

Twenty-five li to the southeast lies Mount Zhen (葴山). The Shi River (視水) rises from it and flows southeast to empty into the Ru (汝水); it abounds in salamanders, jiao dragons and xie otters (頡).

又yòu東dōng四sì十shí里lǐ，曰yuē嬰yīng山shān，其qí下xià多duō青qīng䨼hù，其qí上shàng多duō金jīn玉yù。

Forty li to the east lies Mount Ying (嬰山); its foot abounds in green ore, its summit in gold and jade.

又yòu東dōng三sān十shí里lǐ，曰yuē虎hǔ首shǒu之zhī山shān，多duō苴jū椆chóu椐jū。

Thirty li to the east lies Mount Hushou (虎首); it abounds in hemp (ju 苴), in chou (椆) and ju (椐).

又yòu東dōng二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē嬰yīng侯hóu之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō封fēng石shí，其qí下xià多duō赤chì錫xī。

Twenty li to the east lies Mount Yinghou (嬰侯); its summit abounds in feng stone, its foot in red tin.

又yòu東dōng五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē大dà孰shú之zhī山shān。殺shā水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng北běi流liú注zhù于yú視shì水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō白bái堊è。

Fifty li to the east lies Mount Dashu (大孰). The Sha River (殺水) rises from it and flows northeast to empty into the Shi; it abounds in white chalk.

又yòu東dōng四sì十shí里lǐ，曰yuē卑bēi山shān，其qí上shàng多duō桃táo李lǐ苴jū梓zǐ，多duō纍léi。

Forty li to the east lies Mount Bei (卑山); its summit abounds in peaches, plums, hemp and catalpas, and in wisteria (lei 纍).

又yòu東dōng三sān十shí里lǐ，曰yuē倚yǐ帝dì之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō玉yù，其qí下xià多duō金jīn。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú鼣fèi鼠shǔ，白bái耳ěr白bái喙huì，名míng曰yuē狙jū如rú，見jiàn則zé其qí國guó有yǒu大dà兵bīng。

Thirty li to the east lies Mount Yidi (倚帝). Its summit abounds in jade, its foot in gold. There is found a beast resembling the fei rat (鼣鼠), with white ears and white beak, called juru (狙如); when it appears, the region knows a great war.

又yòu東dōng三sān十shí里lǐ，曰yuē鯢ní山shān，鯢ní水shuǐ出chū于yú其qí上shàng，潛qián于yú其qí下xià，其qí中zhōng多duō美měi堊è。其qí上shàng多duō金jīn，其qí下xià多duō青qīng䨼hù。

Thirty li to the east lies Mount Ni (鯢山). The Ni River (鯢水) wells up at its summit and is swallowed at its foot; it abounds in fine chalk. Its summit abounds in gold, its foot in green ore.

又yòu東dōng三sān十shí里lǐ，曰yuē雅yǎ山shān。灃fēng水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú視shì水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō大dà魚yú。其qí上shàng多duō美měi桑sāng，其qí下xià多duō苴jū，多duō赤chì金jīn。

Thirty li to the east lies Mount Ya (雅山). The Feng River (灃水) rises from it and flows east to empty into the Shi; it abounds in great fish. Its summit abounds in fine mulberries, its foot in hemp and red gold.

又yòu東dōng五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē宣xuān山shān。淪lún水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng南nán流liú注zhù于yú視shì水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō蛟jiāo。其qí上shàng有yǒu桑sāng焉yān，大dà五wǔ十shí尺chǐ，其qí枝zhī四sì衢qú，其qí葉yè大dà尺chǐ餘yú，赤chì理lǐ黃huáng華huá青qīng柎fū，名míng曰yuē帝dì女nǚ之zhī桑sāng。

Fifty li to the east lies Mount Xuan (宣山). The Lun River (淪水) rises from it and flows southeast to empty into the Shi; it abounds in jiao dragons. At its summit grows a mulberry of fifty feet, whose branches divide into four forks and whose leaves measure more than a foot, with red veins, yellow flowers and a green calyx, called «the mulberry of the Emperor's daughter» (Dìnǚ zhī sāng 帝女之桑).

又yòu東dōng四sì十shí五wǔ里lǐ，曰yuē衡héng山shān，其qí上shàng多duō青qīng䨼hù，多duō桑sāng，其qí鳥niǎo多duō鸜qú鵒yù。

Forty-five li to the east lies Mount Heng (衡山); its summit abounds in green ore and mulberries, its birds above all in mynas (quyu 鸜鵒).

又yòu東dōng四sì十shí里lǐ，曰yuē豐fēng山shān，其qí上shàng多duō封fēng石shí，其qí木mù多duō桑sāng，多duō羊yáng桃táo，狀zhuàng如rú桃táo而ér方fāng莖jīng，可kě以yǐ為wèi皮pí張zhāng。

Forty li to the east lies Mount Feng (豐山); its summit abounds in feng stone, its trees above all in mulberries and in yangtao (羊桃, actinidia), resembling the peach but with a square stem; it is used to treat swollen skin.

又yòu東dōng七qī十shí里lǐ，曰yuē嫗yù山shān，其qí上shàng多duō美měi玉yù，其qí下xià多duō金jīn，其qí草cǎo多duō雞jī穀gǔ。

Seventy li to the east lies Mount Yu (嫗山); its summit abounds in fine jade, its foot in gold, its grasses above all in jigu (雞穀).

又yòu東dōng三sān十shí里lǐ，曰yuē鮮xiān山shān，其qí木mù多duō楢yóu杻niǔ苴jū，其qí草cǎo多duō𧄸mén冬dōng，其qí陽yáng多duō金jīn，其qí陰yīn多duō鐵tiě。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú膜mó大dà，赤chì喙huì、赤chì目mù、白bái尾wěi，見jiàn則zé其qí邑yì有yǒu火huǒ，名míng曰yuē𤝻lì即jí。

Thirty li to the east lies Mount Xian (鮮山). Its trees above all you oaks, niu and hemp; its grasses above all mendong (𧄸冬); its southern slope abounds in gold, its northern slope in iron. There is found a beast resembling the mò (膜, wild dog), with red beak, red eyes and white tail; when it appears, the district knows fires; it is called liji (𤝻即).

又yòu東dōng三sān十shí里lǐ，曰yuē章zhāng山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō金jīn，其qí陰yīn多duō美měi石shí。皋gāo水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú澧lǐ水shuǐ，其qí中zhōng多duō脆cuì石shí。

Thirty li to the east lies Mount Zhang (章山). Its southern slope abounds in gold, its northern slope in fine stones. The Gao River (皋水) rises from it and flows east to empty into the Feng (澧水); it abounds in friable stone (cuishi 脆石).

又yòu東dōng二èr十shí五wǔ里lǐ，曰yuē大dà支zhī之zhī山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō金jīn，其qí木mù多duō穀gǔ柞zuò，無wú草cǎo木mù。

Twenty-five li to the east lies Mount Dazhi (大支). Its southern slope abounds in gold, its trees above all in paper mulberries and oaks; it is moreover devoid of grass.

又yòu東dōng五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē區qū吳wú之zhī山shān，其qí木mù多duō苴jū。

Fifty li to the east lies Mount Quwu (區吳); its trees above all in hemp (ju 苴).

又yòu東dōng五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē聲shēng匈xiōng之zhī山shān，其qí木mù多duō穀gǔ，多duō玉yù，上shàng多duō封fēng石shí。

Fifty li to the east lies Mount Shengxiong (聲匈); its trees above all in paper mulberries; it abounds in jade, and its summit in feng stone.

又yòu東dōng五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē大dà騩guī之zhī山shān，其qí陽yáng多duō赤chì金jīn，其qí陰yīn多duō砥dǐ石shí。

Fifty li to the east lies Mount Dagui (大騩); its southern slope abounds in red gold, its northern slope in whetstone (dishi 砥石).

又yòu東dōng十shí里lǐ，曰yuē踵zhǒng臼jiù之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù。

Ten li to the east lies Mount Zhongjiu (踵臼), devoid of grass and trees.

又yòu東dōng北běi七qī十shí里lǐ，曰yuē歷lì石shí之zhī山shān，其qí木mù多duō荊jīng芑qǐ，其qí陽yáng多duō黃huáng金jīn，其qí陰yīn多duō砥dǐ石shí。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú狸lí，而ér白bái首shǒu虎hǔ爪zhǎo，名míng曰yuē梁liáng渠qú，見jiàn則zé其qí國guó有yǒu大dà兵bīng。

Seventy li to the northeast lies Mount Lishi (歷石). Its trees above all the shrubs jing and qi; its southern slope abounds in gold, its northern slope in whetstone. There is found a beast resembling the wildcat, with a white head and tiger's claws, called liangqu (梁渠); when it appears, the region knows a great war.

又yòu東dōng南nán一yī百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē求qiú山shān。求qiú水shuǐ出chū于yú其qí上shàng，潛qián于yú其qí下xià，中zhōng有yǒu美měi赭zhě。其qí木mù多duō苴jū，多duō䉋mèi。其qí陽yáng多duō金jīn，其qí陰yīn多duō鐵tiě。

One hundred li to the southeast lies Mount Qiu (求山). The Qiu River (求水) wells up at its summit and is swallowed at its foot; it holds fine ochre. Its trees above all hemp and mei bamboo (䉋). Its southern slope abounds in gold, its northern slope in iron.

又yòu東dōng二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē丑chǒu陽yáng之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō椆chóu椐jū。有yǒu鳥niǎo焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú烏wū而ér赤chì足zú，名míng曰yuē𩢢wén餘yú，可kě以yǐ禦yù火huǒ。

Two hundred li to the east lies Mount Chouyang (丑陽). Its summit abounds in chou (椆) and ju (椐). There is found a bird resembling the crow but with red feet, called wenyu (𩢢餘); it protects from fire.

又yòu東dōng三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē奧ào山shān，其qí上shàng多duō柏bǎi杻niǔ橿jiāng，其qí陽yáng多duō㻬tū琈fú之zhī玉yù。奧ào水shuǐ出chū焉yān，東dōng流liú注zhù于yú視shì水shuǐ。

Three hundred li to the east lies Mount Ao (奧山). Its summit abounds in cypresses, niu and jiang; its southern slope in tufu jade. The Ao River (奧水) rises from it and flows east to empty into the Shi.

又yòu東dōng三sān十shí五wǔ里lǐ，曰yuē服fú山shān，其qí木mù多duō苴jū，其qí上shàng多duō封fēng石shí，其qí下xià多duō赤chì錫xī。

Thirty-five li to the east lies Mount Fu (服山). Its trees above all in hemp; its summit abounds in feng stone, its foot in red tin.

又yòu東dōng三sān百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē杳yǎo山shān，其qí上shàng多duō嘉jiā榮róng草cǎo，多duō金jīn玉yù。

Three hundred li to the east lies Mount Yao (杳山); its summit abounds in jiarong grass (嘉榮草), in gold and jade.

又yòu東dōng三sān百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē几jǐ山shān，其qí木mù多duō楢yóu檀tán杻niǔ，其qí草cǎo多duō香xiāng。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú彘zhì，黃huáng身shēn、白bái頭tóu、白bái尾wěi，名míng曰yuē聞wén𧲂lín，見jiàn則zé天tiān下xià大dà風fēng。

Three hundred and fifty li to the east lies Mount Ji (几山). Its trees above all you oaks, sandalwoods and niu; its grasses above all fragrant. There is found a beast resembling the pig, with a yellow body, white head and white tail, called wenlin (聞𧲂); when it appears, the empire knows great winds.

凡fán荊jīng山shān之zhī首shǒu，自zì翼yì望wàng之zhī山shān至zhì于yú几jǐ山shān，凡fán四sì十shí八bā山shān，三sān千qiān七qī百bǎi三sān十shí二èr里lǐ。其qí神shén狀zhuàng皆jiē彘zhì身shēn人rén首shǒu。其qí祠cí：毛máo用yòng一yī雄xióng雞jī祈qí，瘞yì用yòng一yī珪guī，糈xǔ用yòng五wǔ種zhǒng之zhī精jīng。禾hé山shān，帝dì也yě，其qí祠cí：太tài牢láo之zhī具jù，羞xiū瘞yì，倒dào毛máo；用yòng一yī璧bì，牛niú無wú常cháng。堵dǔ山shān、玉yù山shān，冢zhǒng也yě，皆jiē倒dào祠cí，羞xiū毛máo少shǎo牢láo，嬰yīng毛máo吉jí玉yù。

In all, from Mount Yiwang to Mount Ji, the Jingshan range counts forty-eight mountains, over three thousand seven hundred and thirty-two li. Their deities all have a pig's body and a human head. For their cult: one offers a cock in supplication, one buries a tablet of jade (gui 珪), and one uses as sacred grain the essence of the five cereals. Mount He is a «god-emperor»; for its cult, one uses the gear of the great sacrifice (tailao), one presents and buries the offerings, the victim laid down, with a jade disk, without a fixed ox. Mounts Du and Yu are sacred hills; one sacrifices to them with the victim laid down, presenting the small sacrifice (shaolao) and suspending auspicious jade.

Twelfth Central Classic — 中次十二经 (the Dongting range)

《中zhōng次cì十shí二èr經jīng》洞dòng庭tíng山shān之zhī首shǒu，曰yuē篇piān遇yù之zhī山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù，多duō黃huáng金jīn。

The Twelfth Central Classic, the Dongting range. Its first mountain is called Mount Pianyu (篇遇), devoid of grass and trees, abounding in gold.

又yòu東dōng南nán五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē雲yún山shān，無wú草cǎo木mù。有yǒu桂guì竹zhú，甚shèn毒dú，傷shāng人rén必bì死sǐ。其qí上shàng多duō黃huáng金jīn，其qí下xià多duō㻬tū琈fú之zhī玉yù。

Fifty li to the southeast lies Mount Yun (雲山), devoid of grass and trees. There is found the cassia bamboo (guizhu 桂竹), most venomous: whoever wounds himself on it dies for certain. Its summit abounds in gold, its foot in tufu jade.

又yòu東dōng南nán一yī百bǎi三sān十shí里lǐ，曰yuē龜guī山shān，其qí木mù多duō穀gǔ柞zuò椆chóu椐jū，其qí上shàng多duō黃huáng金jīn，其qí下xià多duō青qīng雄xióng黃huáng，多duō扶fú竹zhú。

One hundred and thirty li to the southeast lies Mount Gui (龜山). Its trees above all paper mulberries, oaks, chou and ju; its summit abounds in gold, its foot in green realgar and in fu bamboo (扶竹).

又yòu東dōng七qī十shí里lǐ，曰yuē丙bǐng山shān，多duō筀guì竹zhú，多duō黃huáng金jīn銅tóng鐵tiě，無wú木mù。

Seventy li to the east lies Mount Bing (丙山); it abounds in gui bamboo (筀竹), in gold, copper and iron, and it is without trees.

又yòu東dōng南nán五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē風fēng伯bó之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō金jīn玉yù，其qí下xià多duō痠suān石shí、文wén石shí，多duō鐵tiě，其qí木mù多duō柳liǔ杻niǔ檀tán楮chǔ。其qí東dōng有yǒu林lín焉yān，名míng曰yuē莽mǎng浮fú之zhī林lín，多duō美měi木mù鳥niǎo獸shòu。

Fifty li to the southeast lies Mount Fengbo (風伯). Its summit abounds in gold and jade, its foot in suan stone (痠石) and veined stones, and in iron; its trees above all willows, niu, sandalwoods and paper mulberries. To the east stretches a forest called Mangfu (莽浮), rich in fine trees, birds and beasts.

又yòu東dōng一yī百bǎi五wǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē夫fū夫fū之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō黃huáng金jīn，其qí下xià多duō青qīng雄xióng黃huáng，其qí木mù多duō桑sāng楮chǔ，其qí草cǎo多duō竹zhú、雞jī鼓gǔ。神shén于yú兒ér居jū之zhī，其qí狀zhuàng人rén身shēn而ér身shēn操cāo兩liǎng蛇shé，常cháng遊yóu于yú江jiāng淵yuān，出chū入rù有yǒu光guāng。

One hundred and fifty li to the east lies Mount Fufu (夫夫). Its summit abounds in gold, its foot in green realgar; its trees above all mulberries and paper mulberries, its grasses above all bamboos and jigu (雞鼓). The god Yu'er (于兒) dwells there; he has a human body and bears two serpents coiled about his body, and haunts ceaselessly the abyss of the River, shining when he enters and emerges.

又yòu東dōng南nán一yī百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē洞dòng庭tíng之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō黃huáng金jīn，其qí下xià多duō銀yín鐵tiě，其qí木mù多duō柤zhā棃lí橘jú櫾yóu，其qí草cǎo多duō葌jiān蘪mí蕪wú芍sháo藥yào芎xiōng藭qióng。帝dì之zhī二èr女nǚ居jū之zhī，是shì常cháng遊yóu于yú江jiāng淵yuān，澧lǐ沅yuán之zhī風fēng，交jiāo瀟xiāo湘xiāng之zhī淵yuān，是shì在zài九jiǔ江jiāng之zhī間jiān，出chū入rù必bì以yǐ飄piāo風fēng暴bào雨yǔ。是shì多duō怪guài神shén，狀zhuàng如rú人rén而ér載zài蛇shé，左zuǒ右yòu手shǒu操cāo蛇shé。多duō怪guài鳥niǎo。

One hundred and twenty li to the southeast lies Mount Dongting (洞庭). Its summit abounds in gold, its foot in silver and iron; its trees above all zha pears, li pears (棃), oranges and pomelos; its grasses above all jian (葌), angelica (miwu 蘪蕪), peony and ligusticum (xiongqiong 芎藭). The two daughters of the Emperor dwell there; they haunt ceaselessly the abyss of the River. The winds of the Li and the Yuan cross at the abysses of the Xiao and the Xiang, between the Nine Rivers (Jiujiang); when they enter and emerge, there are inevitably whirlwinds and violent rains. There are found there a quantity of strange spirits, of human aspect, bearing a serpent in each hand. There are found a quantity of strange birds.

又yòu東dōng南nán一yī百bǎi八bā十shí里lǐ，曰yuē暴bào山shān，其qí木mù多duō椶zōng柟nán荊jīng芑qǐ竹zhú箭jiàn䉋mèi箘jùn，其qí上shàng多duō黃huáng金jīn玉yù，其qí下xià多duō文wén石shí鐵tiě，其qí獸shòu多duō麋mí鹿lù𪊨jǐ，就jiù。

One hundred and eighty li to the southeast lies Mount Bao (暴山). Its trees above all palms, nanmu, the shrubs jing and qi, arrow bamboos, mei (䉋) and jun (箘); its summit abounds in gold and jade, its foot in veined stones and iron; its beasts above all elaphures, deer, ji (𪊨) and jiu kites (就).

又yòu東dōng南nán二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē即jí公gōng之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō黃huáng金jīn，其qí下xià多duō㻬tū琈fú之zhī玉yù，其qí木mù多duō柳liǔ杻niǔ檀tán桑sāng。有yǒu獸shòu焉yān，其qí狀zhuàng如rú龜guī，而ér白bái身shēn赤chì首shǒu，名míng曰yuē蛫guǐ，是shì可kě以yǐ禦yù火huǒ。

Two hundred li to the southeast lies Mount Jigong (即公). Its summit abounds in gold, its foot in tufu jade; its trees above all willows, niu, sandalwoods and mulberries. There is found a beast resembling the tortoise, with a white body and red head, called gui (蛫); it protects from fire.

又yòu東dōng南nán一yī百bǎi五wǔ十shí九jiǔ里lǐ，曰yuē堯yáo山shān，其qí陰yīn多duō黃huáng堊è，其qí陽yáng多duō黃huáng金jīn，其qí木mù多duō荊jīng芑qǐ柳liǔ檀tán，其qí草cǎo多duō藷shǔ藇xù𦬸tuó。

One hundred and fifty-nine li to the southeast lies Mount Yao (堯山). Its northern slope abounds in yellow chalk, its southern slope in gold; its trees above all jing, qi, willows and sandalwoods; its grasses above all yam (shuyu 藷藇) and tuo (𦬸).

又yòu東dōng南nán一yī百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē江jiāng浮fú之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō銀yín砥dǐ礪lì，無wú草cǎo木mù，其qí獸shòu多duō豕shǐ鹿lù。

One hundred li to the southeast lies Mount Jiangfu (江浮). Its summit abounds in silver and whetstone; it is devoid of grass and trees, its beasts above all boars and deer.

又yòu東dōng二èr百bǎi里lǐ，曰yuē真zhēn陵líng之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō黃huáng金jīn，其qí下xià多duō玉yù，其qí木mù多duō穀gǔ柞zuò柳liǔ杻niǔ，其qí草cǎo多duō榮róng草cǎo。

Two hundred li to the east lies Mount Zhenling (真陵). Its summit abounds in gold, its foot in jade; its trees above all paper mulberries, oaks, willows and niu; its grasses above all rongcao (榮草).

又yòu東dōng南nán一yī百bǎi二èr十shí里lǐ，曰yuē陽yáng帝dì之zhī山shān，多duō美měi銅tóng，其qí木mù多duō檀tán杻niǔ檿yǎn楮chǔ，其qí獸shòu多duō麢líng麝shè。

One hundred and twenty li to the southeast lies Mount Yangdi (陽帝); it abounds in fine copper, its trees above all sandalwoods, niu, wild mulberries (yan 檿) and paper mulberries, its beasts above all gorals and musk deer (she 麝).

又yòu南nán九jiǔ十shí里lǐ，曰yuē柴chái桑sāng之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō銀yín，其qí下xià多duō碧bì，多duō汵gàn石shí赭zhě，其qí木mù多duō柳liǔ芑qǐ楮chǔ桑sāng，其qí獸shòu多duō麋mí鹿lù，多duō白bái蛇shé飛fēi蛇shé。

Ninety li to the south lies Mount Chaisang (柴桑). Its summit abounds in silver, its foot in jasper, in soft stone (ganshi 汵石) and ochre; its trees above all willows, qi, paper mulberries and mulberries; its beasts above all elaphures and deer, and many white serpents and flying serpents.

又yòu東dōng二èr百bǎi三sān十shí里lǐ，曰yuē榮róng余yú之zhī山shān，其qí上shàng多duō銅tóng，其qí下xià多duō銀yín，其qí木mù多duō柳liǔ芑qǐ，其qí蟲chóng多duō怪guài蛇shé怪guài蟲chóng。

Two hundred and thirty li to the east lies Mount Rongyu (榮余). Its summit abounds in copper, its foot in silver; its trees above all willows and qi; its small creatures above all serpents and strange insects.

凡fán洞dòng庭tíng山shān之zhī首shǒu，自zì篇piān遇yù之zhī山shān至zhì于yú榮róng余yú之zhī山shān，凡fán十shí五wǔ山shān，二èr千qiān八bā百bǎi里lǐ。其qí神shén狀zhuàng皆jiē鳥niǎo身shēn而ér龍lóng首shǒu。其qí祠cí：毛máo用yòng一yī雄xióng鷄jī、一yī牝pìn豚tún刉jī，糈xǔ用yòng稌tú。凡fán夫fū夫fū之zhī山shān、即jí公gōng之zhī山shān、堯yáo山shān、陽yáng帝dì之zhī山shān，皆jiē冢zhǒng也yě，其qí祠cí：皆jiē肆sì瘞yì，祈qí用yòng酒jiǔ，毛máo用yòng少shǎo牢láo，嬰yīng毛máo一yī吉jí玉yù。洞dòng庭tíng、榮róng余yú山shān，神shén也yě，其qí祠cí：皆jiē肆sì瘞yì，祈qí酒jiǔ太tài牢láo祠cí，嬰yīng用yòng圭guī璧bì十shí五wǔ，五wǔ彩cǎi惠huì之zhī。

In all, from Mount Pianyu to Mount Rongyu, the Dongting range counts fifteen mountains, over two thousand eight hundred li. Their deities all have a bird's body and a dragon's head. For their cult: one slaughters a cock and a sow, and one uses glutinous rice as sacred grain. Mounts Fufu, Jigong, Yao and Yangdi are all sacred hills; for their cult, one sets out and buries the offerings, one prays with wine and the small sacrifice (shaolao), and one suspends auspicious jade. Mounts Dongting and Rongyu shelter major gods; for their cult, one sets out and buries the offerings, one prays with wine and the great sacrifice (tailao), and one suspends fifteen gui and bi, adorned with the five colors.

Final colophons of the Five Classics of the Mountains (五藏山经)

右yòu中zhōng經jīng之zhī山shān志zhì，大dà凡fán百bǎi九jiǔ十shí七qī山shān，二èr萬wàn一yī千qiān三sān百bǎi七qī十shí一yī里lǐ。

Such is the register of the mountains of the Central Classic: in all one hundred and ninety-seven mountains, over twenty-one thousand three hundred and seventy-one li.

大dà凡fán天tiān下xià名míng山shān五wǔ千qiān三sān百bǎi七qī十shí，居jū地dì，大dà凡fán六liù萬wàn四sì千qiān五wǔ十shí六liù里lǐ。

In all, the renowned mountains of the empire number five thousand three hundred and seventy, occupying altogether sixty-four thousand and fifty-six li of land.

禹yǔ曰yuē：天tiān下xià名míng山shān，經jīng五wǔ千qiān三sān百bǎi七qī十shí山shān，六liù萬wàn四sì千qiān五wǔ十shí六liù里lǐ，居jū地dì也yě。言yán其qí五wǔ臧zāng，蓋gài其qí餘yú小xiǎo山shān甚shèn眾zhòng，不bù足zú記jì云yún。天tiān地dì之zhī東dōng西xī二èr萬wàn八bā千qiān里lǐ，南nán北běi二èr萬wàn六liù千qiān里lǐ，出chū水shuǐ之zhī山shān者zhě八bā千qiān里lǐ，受shòu水shuǐ者zhě八bā千qiān里lǐ，出chū銅tóng之zhī山shān四sì百bǎi六liù十shí七qī，出chū鐵tiě之zhī山shān三sān千qiān六liù百bǎi九jiǔ十shí。此cǐ天tiān地dì之zhī所suǒ分fēn壤rǎng樹shù穀gǔ也yě，戈gē矛máo之zhī所suǒ發fā也yě，刀dāo鎩shā之zhī所suǒ起qǐ也yě，能néng者zhě有yǒu餘yú，拙zhuō者zhě不bù足zú。封fēng於yú太tài山shān，禪shàn於yú梁liáng父fù，七qī十shí二èr家jiā，得dé失shī之zhī數shù，皆jiē在zài此cǐ內nèi，是shì謂wèi國guó用yòng。

Yu said: the renowned mountains of the empire — the Classic records five thousand three hundred and seventy of them, over sixty-four thousand and fifty-six li of land. These are what are called the «Five Treasures» (wuzang); the other small mountains, very numerous, do not deserve to be recorded. From east to west, the world extends over twenty-eight thousand li; from south to north, over twenty-six thousand li. The mountains whence waters issue cover eight thousand li, those that receive them eight thousand li; the mountains producing copper number four hundred and sixty-seven, those producing iron three thousand six hundred and ninety. It is here that Heaven and Earth apportion the lands and make the cereals grow, that spears and halberds are born, that knives and swords are wrought; the skillful here find abundance, the unskillful want. One sacrifices at Mount Tai, one pays homage at Mount Liangfu: seventy-two houses; the reckoning of fortunes and losses is held entirely therein — this is what makes the wealth of the State.

右yòu《五wǔ臧zāng山shān經jīng》五wǔ篇piān，大dà凡fán一yī萬wàn五wǔ千qiān五wǔ百bǎi三sān字zì。

Such are the five books of the «Classics of the Treasures of the Mountains» (Wǔzàng Shānjīng): in all, fifteen thousand five hundred and three characters.

Notes

End of the work. This page closes the 中山经 and, with it, the whole of the «Five Classics of the Mountains» (五藏山经: South, West, North, East, Center). The four last passages are recapitulative colophons: the total of the Central mounts (197), the general total of the empire (5,370 mounts, 64,056 li), the famous speech attributed to Yu the Great, and the final mention counting 15,503 characters for the five books.

The Two Daughters of the Emperor. At Mount Dongting dwell «the two daughters of the Emperor», deities of the great lake and of the Xiang rivers, associated in later tradition with Ehuang and Nüying, wives of Shun. The god Yu'er, who holds two serpents, also reigns there.

Southern slope / northern slope (其阳 / 其阴). 阳 (yáng) = the sunlit slope (south); 阴 (yīn) = the shaded slope (north).

Recurring formulas. «Whoever eats / consumes it…» (食之 / 服之); «when it appears…» (见则) marks omens (war 兵, epidemic 疫, terror 恐, great wind 大风); «its cry utters its own name» (其鸣自呼). The colophons describe particular rites (victim «laid down», slaughter, suspension of jade).

Uncertain identifications. Many names of plants, minerals and creatures have no assured equivalent; they are transcribed in pinyin with the characters, the English renderings following the traditional glosses (Guo Pu, Hao Yixing).

Chinese text after the Chinese Text Project (ctext.org). Translation and notes: Chine-culture.com.